Risk factors for mortality in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy after cardiac surgery

Table 2 Intraoperative and postoperative variables among the Mortality and Control groups

Variable	Control (n = 238)	Mortality (n = 174)	p value
Intraoperative variables
Type of cardiac surgery (n, %)			0.657
CABG	43, 18	32, 18
AVR	10, 4	7, 4
MVR	86, 36	66, 38
AVR + MVR	50, 21	40, 23
CABG + valvular surgery	8, 3	3, 2
David/Wheats/Bentall procedure	26, 11	21, 12
Other aortic surgery	10, 4	5, 3
Atrial fibrillation ablation (n, %)	40, 17	23, 13	0.318
CPB (minutes)	180.93 ± 66.68	200.12 ± 61.70	0.003
ACC (minutes)	130.74 ± 54.05	149.41 ± 50.15	< 0.001
DHCA (n, %)	10, 4	15, 9	0.063
Intraoperative bleeding (ml)	700 (400–1000)	900(600–1200)	0.001
RBC transfusion (n, %)			0.089
< 500 ml	53, 22	39, 22
500–1000 ml	141, 59	79, 45
ml	26, 11	48, 28
> 1500 ml	18, 8	8, 5
FFP transfusion (n, %)	47, 20	60, 34	0.002
Other colloid products (n, %)	22, 9	17, 10	0.857
Postoperative outcomes
Drainage on the POD1 (ml)	40 (0–475)	205 (100–600)	< 0.001
Re-operation (n, %)	8, 3	17, 10	0.009
Septic shock (n, %)	0	8, 5	< 0.001
ECMO use (n, %)	1, 0.4	10, 6	0.001
IABP use (n, %)	5, 2	18, 10	< 0.001
Mechanical ventilation time (hours)	28 (23–34)	68 (63–74)	< 0.001
ICU stay time (days)	9.32 ± 2.50	20.55 ± 7.20	< 0.001
Renal protection drugs
Furosemide (n, %)	196, 82	127, 73	0.061
Torasemide (n, %)	90, 38	49, 28	0.038
Tolvaptan (n, %)	63, 26	36, 21	0.175
Jin-Shui Bao capsule (n, %)	214, 90	146, 84	0.070

CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting, AVR: Aortic valve replacement/repair, MVR: Mitral valve replacement/repair, CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass, ACC: Aortic Cross Clamp, Mean ± SD / Median (interquartile range), DHCA: Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, POD1: The first postoperative day, ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, IABP: Intra-aortic balloon pump, RBC: Red blood cell, ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU: Intensive care unit, FFP: Fresh frozen plasma

ISSN: 1471-2261