Table 1 Patient characteristics
From: The multivariable prognostic models for severe complications after heart valve surgery
Characteristics | Training dataset | Validation dataset | P |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 930) | (n = 713) | ||
Demographics | |||
 Age (y) | 47.91 ± 13.83 | 49.68 ± 15.00 | 0.001 |
 Gender (female, No. %) | 485(52.15%) | 343(48.11%) | 0.115 |
 Height (cm) | 160.73 ± 8.18 | 160.49 ± 10.69 | 0.939 |
 Weight (kg) | 54.66 ± 10.39 | 56.96 ± 11.95 |  < 0.01 |
 BMI | 21.08 ± 3.29 | 21.97 ± 3.62 |  < 0.01 |
 BSA (m2) | 6.87 ± 1.29 | 7.15 ± 1.49 |  < 0.01 |
 Smoke (No. %) | 166 (17.85%) | 95(13.32%) | 0.016 |
Medical histories | |||
 CF (< 4 weeks, No. %) | 601(64.62%) | 421(59.05%) | 0.024 |
 Endocarditis (No. %) | 88(9.46%) | 120(16.83%) |  < 0.01 |
 Diabetes (No. %) | 48(5.16%) | 49(6.87%) | 0.176 |
 Hypertension (No. %) | 122(13.12%) | 129(18.09%) | 0.007 |
 Hepatitis (No. %) | 78(8.39%) | 23(3.23%) |  < 0.01 |
 Pulmonary disease (No. %) | 78(8.39%) | 30(4.21%) | 0.001 |
 Dialysis (No. %) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) |  < 0.01 |
 PVD (No. %) | 0(0.00%) | 0(0.00%) |  < 0.01 |
 Re-operation (No. %) | 58(6.24%) | 52(7.29%) | 0.453 |
Laboratory values | |||
 WBC (× 109/l) | 7.04 ± 2.46 | 7.22 ± 2.38 | 0.076 |
 PLT (× 1012/l) | 213.26 ± 66.44 | 217.74 ± 82.53 | 0.789 |
 RBC (× 109/l) | 4.68 ± 0.70 | 4.58 ± 0.76 | 0.003 |
 RBC-DW | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.03 |  < 0.001 |
  < 0.12 | 3(0.32%) | 1(0.14%) |  |
  0.12–0.15 | 772(83.01%) | 560(78.54%) |  |
  > 0.15 | 148(15.91%) | 151(21.18%) |  |
 Hb (g/l) | 133.78 ± 19.63 | 130.54 ± 21.53 | 0.001 |
 ALT (u/l) | 25.79 ± 33.6 | 26.94 ± 29.51 | 0.998 |
 ALB (g/l) | 42.29 ± 18.01 | 39.36 ± 4.92 |  < 0.01 |
 TBil (mmol/l) | 15.88 ± 10.39 | 16.52 ± 9.76 | 0.001 |
 BUA (mg/l) | 374.78 ± 122.51 | 423.22 ± 140.87 |  < 0.01 |
 BUN (mmol/l) | 6.12 ± 2.51 | 6.15 ± 2.93 | 0.249 |
  < 2.9 | 24(2.58%) | 22(3.09%) |  |
  2.9–8.6 | 802(86.24%) | 606(84.99%) |  |
  > 8.6 | 95(10.22%) | 84(11.78%) |  |
 BCr (umol/l) | 77.19 ± 27.07 | 86.11 ± 68.24 | 0.01 |
  < 50 | 56(6.02%) | 43(6.03%) |  |
  50–115 | 808(86.88%) | 609(85.41%) |  |
  116–200 | 55(5.91%) | 51(7.15%) |  |
  > 200 | 3(0.32%) | 9(1.26%) |  |
 BUN/BCr | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.03 |  < 0.01 |
  < 0.055 (No. %) | 127(13.66%) | 143(20.06%) |  |
  0.055–0.075 (No. %) | 308(33.12%) | 250(35.06%) |  |
  > 0.075 (No. %) | 486(52.26%) | 319(44.74%) |  |
 CCr (ml/min/1.73m2, No.) | 79.62 ± 34.28 | 76.17 ± 26.37 | 0.046 |
  < 50 (No. %) | 116(12.47%) | 98(13.74%) |  |
  50–80 (No. %) | 396(42.58%) | 338(47.41%) |  |
  > 80 (No. %) | 404(43.44%) | 275(38.57%) |  |
 APTT (secs.) | 29.3 ± 5.72 | 31.74 ± 6.75 |  < 0.01 |
 Fbg (g/l) | 3.08 ± 1.16 | 3.08 ± 1.20 | 0.419 |
 ESR (mm) | 23.49 ± 20.45 | 26.16 ± 23.34 | 0.192 |
ECG measurements | |||
 Atrial fibrillation (No. %) | 389(41.83%) | 235(32.96%) |  < 0.01 |
UCG measurements | |||
 LVD (mm) | 54.51 ± 11.10 | 53.65 ± 10.97 | 0.220 |
 EF (%) | 62.71 ± 10.14 | 63.95 ± 9.93 | 0.005 |
  > 50 | 777(83.55%) | 612(85.83%) |  |
  30–50 | 93(10%) | 72(10.1%) |  |
  < 30 | 4(0.43%) | 1(0.14%) |  |
 PASP (mmHg) | 21.86 ± 27.54 | 45.59 ± 17.4 |  < 0.01 |
  > 60 | 80(8.6%) | 86(12.06%) |  |
  30–60 | 310(33.33%) | 380(53.3%) |  |
  < 30 | 540(58.06%) | 57(7.99%) |  |
Intraoperative variables | |||
 AOT (min) | 80.23 ± 34.70 | 90.0 ± 46.70 | 0.001 |
 ACPBT (min) | 37.7 ± 22.50 | 58.4 ± 40.20 |  < 0.01 |
Defibrillation (freq.) | 0.351 | ||
  < 1 | 773(83.12%) | 605(84.85%) |  |
  ≥ 1 | 157(16.88%) | 108(14.79%) |  |
Surgical approaches | |||
 AVR (No. %) | 378(40.65%) | 293(41.09%) | 0.894 |
 MVR (No. %) | 684(73.55%) | 432(60.59%) |  < 0.01 |
 TVR (No. %) | 33(3.55%) | 31(4.35%) | 0.483 |
 MVP (No. %) | 57(6.13%) | 84(11.78%) |  < 0.001 |
 TVP (No. %) | 298(32.04%) | 303(42.5%) |  < 0.001 |
 CABG (No. %) | 28(3.01%) | 32(4.49%) | 0.147 |
 RFA (No. %) | 27(2.9%) | 33(4.63%) | 0.086 |
 Other cardiac surgery (No. %) | 60(6.45%) | 210(29.45%) |  < 0.001 |
 Non-cardiac surgery (No. %) | 4(0.43%) | 0(0.00%) | 0.138 |
Severe complications | |||
 LCOS (No. %) | 88(9.46%) | 38(5.33%) | 0.002 |
 AKI-rH (No. %) | 45(4.84%) | 52(7.29%) | 0.047 |
 MODS (No. %) | 46(4.95%) | 32(4.49%) | 0.752 |
Mechanical assistant | |||
 IABP /ECMO (No. %) | 33(3.55%) | 29(4.07%) | 0.677 |
Discharge status | |||
 Death (No. %) | 61(6.56%) | 47(6.59%) | 1.000 |