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Table 2 Dietary intake of participants across tertiles of PRAL and NEAP: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)

From: Dietary acid load and risk of cardiovascular disease: a prospective population-based study

 

PRAL (mEq/day)

NEAP (mEq/day)

 

 < − 16.7 (n = 789)

− 16.7 to − 2.45 (n = 790)

 > − 2.45 (n = 790)

 < 30.6 (n = 789)

30.6 to 39.3 (n = 794)

 > 39.3 (n = 786)

 

− 31.6 ± 13.0

− 9.49 ± 4.07

7.76 ± 8.6

24.9 ± 4.11

34.6 ± 2.47

48.3 ± 7.75

Nutrient intake

      

Energy intake (kcal)

2371 ± 23.7

2150 ± 25.1

2260 ± 27.4*

2196 ± 23.8

2269 ± 24.9

2316 ± 27.8*

Protein (% of energy)

13.4 ± 0.08

13.3 ± 0.08

14.1 ± 0.08*

13.11 ± 0.08

13.6 ± 0.08

14.2 ± 0.08*

Carbohydrate (% of energy)

58.7 ± 0.25

56.8 ± 0.25

56.1 ± 0.25*

58.8 ± 0.25

56.6 ± 0.25

56.3 ± 0.25**

Fat (% of energy)

31.3 ± 0.25

32.2 ± 0.25

31.2 ± 0.25**

31.6 ± 0.25

32.1 ± 0.25

31.0 ± 0.25*

Fiber (gr/d)

40.4 ± 0.59

35.9 ± 0.59

34.1 ± 0.58*

39.7 ± 0.59

35.6 ± 0.59

35.4 ± 0.59*

Calcium (mg/d)

1362 ± 14.5

1229 ± 14.4

1087 ± 14.4*

1364 ± 14.3

1247 ± 14.2

1067 ± 14.3*

Potassium (mg/d)

4476 ± 29.0

3655 ± 29.0

2936 ± 28.9*

4480 ± 28.8

3659 ± 28.7

2925 ± 28.8*

Magnesium (mg/d)

397 ± 2.83

366 ± 2.82

346 ± 2.81*

398 ± 2.81

366 ± 2.80

345 ± 2.81*

phosphorus (mg/d)

1448 ± 10.8

1438 ± 10.7

1445 ± 10.7*

1445 ± 10.7

1462 ± 10.7

1424 ± 10.7*

Food intake

      

Meat (gr/d)

47.5 ± 1.46

50.9 ± 1.46

63.2 ± 1.45*

42.5 ± 1.43

52.1 ± 1.42

67.1 ± 1.43*

Grains (gr/d)

319 ± 5.91

389 ± 5.91

486 ± 5.88*

323 ± 5.92

387 ± 5.90

485 ± 5.93*

egg (gr/d)

14.4 ± 0.44

13.8 ± 0.44

15.9 ± 0.44*

14.1 ± 0.44

14.1 ± 0.44

15.1 ± 0.44*

cheese (gr/d)

19.0 ± 0.72

18.9 ± 0.72

20.3 ± 0.72*

18.5 ± 0.72

19.1 ± 0.71

20.6 ± 0.72*

Fish (gr/d)

6.27 ± 0.74

7.84 ± 0.74

6.46 ± 0.74*

6.53 ± 0.74

6.07 ± 0.74

7.97 ± 0.75*

Rice (gr/d)

202 ± 5.85

248 ± 5.85

307 ± 5.79*

208 ± 5.84

248 ± 5.82

302 ± 5.85*

Coffee (ml/w)

59.4 ± 77.6

58.8 ± 68.3

57.1 ± 65.2**

55.3 ± 73.3

61.6 ± 70.6

58.4 ± 70.5**

Fruit and vegetable (gr/d)

732 ± 8.61

497 ± 8.61

303 ± 8.57*

734 ± 8.60

490 ± 8.56

307 ± 8.61*

Potato (gr/d)

19.9 ± 0.69

17.0 ± 0.69

14.2 ± 0.69*

18.9 ± 0.69

17.9 ± 0.69

14.4 ± 0.70*

Legumes (gr/d)

17.1 ± 0.76

15.8 ± 0.77

14.9 ± 0.76*

16.1 ± 0.76

16.1 ± 0.76

15.5 ± 0.76*

  1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done and the first tertile was considered as the reference
  2. PRAL potential renal acid load, NEAP net endogenous acid production
  3. Data are presented as mean ± SE or percentage, unless stated otherwise
  4. Adjusted for energy intake
  5. *P value < 0.001
  6. **P value < 0.05
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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