Table 1 Univariable analysis between COPD & CVD and COPD groups
Characteristicsa | Groupb | Statistics | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CODP & CVD (n = 428) | Only COPD (n = 1,923) | |||
Basic Characteristics | ||||
Age (year), M (Q1, Q3) | 68.00 (57.00, 74.00) | 57.00 (48.00, 66.00) | Z = − 2097.465 | < 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) | χ2 = 13.470 | < 0.001 | ||
Male | 265 (59.54) | 911 (46.09) | ||
Female | 163 (40.46) | 1012 (53.91) | ||
Ethnicity, n (%) | χ2 = 4.144 | 0.247 | ||
Hispanic | 91 (8.73) | 478 (10.58) | ||
White | 228 (74.11) | 803 (69.02) | ||
Black | 86 (10.38) | 473 (12.66) | ||
Others | 23 (6.78) | 169 (7.74) | ||
Education, n (%) | χ2 = 8.905 | 0.012 | ||
Less than High School | 189 (31.56) | 736 (26.92) | ||
High school | 106 (30.91) | 452 (24.71) | ||
Any college | 131 (37.53) | 732 (48.38) | ||
PIR, M (Q1, Q3) | 1.85 (1.07, 3.93) | 2.64 (1.26, 4.54) | Z = − 648.776 | < 0.001 |
Health related characteristics | ||||
General health, n (%) | χ2 = 57.185 | < 0.001 | ||
Very good or excellent | 38 (13.74) | 461 (31.75) | ||
Good | 109 (30.38) | 693 (36.92) | ||
Fair or poor | 281 (55.88) | 768 (31.33) | ||
General health compared with last year, n (%) | χ2 = 11.380 | 0.003 | ||
Better | 79 (19.38) | 347 (17.17) | ||
Worse | 234 (55.56) | 1235 (66.64) | ||
Same | 114 (25.06) | 341 (16.20) | ||
BMI (kg/m2), M (Q1, Q3) | 30.10 (25.90, 30.10) | 27.80 (23.90, 32.40) | Z = 1084.647 | < 0.001 |
Smoke, n (%) | χ2 = 16.890 | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 298 (71.88) | 1071 (57.86) | ||
No | 130 (28.12) | 851 (42.14) | ||
Anyone smoke inside home, n (%) | χ2 = 1.435 | 0.231 | ||
Yes | 111 (26.25) | 418 (22.36) | ||
No | 312 (73.75) | 1494 (77.65) | ||
Total smokers inside home | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | Z = 170.919 | < 0.001 |
Cotinine (ng/g urinary creatinine), M (Q1, Q3) | 1.43 (0.20, 1467.86) | 0.82 (0.22, 1169.49) | Z = 93.327 | < 0.001 |
NNAL (10–2 ng/g urinary creatinine), M (Q1, Q3) | 4.44 (0.52, 304.85) | 2.21 (0.60, 227.80) | Z = 252.738 | < 0.001 |
Sedentary activity per day (minutes), M (Q1, Q3) | 360.00 (240.00, 480.00) | 300.00 (180.00, 480.00) | Z = − 894.344 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), M (Q1, Q3) | 126.00 (112.00, 142.00) | 124.00 (114.00, 138.00) | Z = 34.157 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), M (Q1, Q3) | 66.00 (60.00, 74.00) | 72.00 (64.00, 80.00) | Z = − 1431.932 | < 0.001 |
HDL (mmol/L), M (Q1, Q3) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.40) | 1.29 (1.06, 1.60) | Z = − 1256.730 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, M (Q1, Q3) | 5.90 (5.50, 6.60) | 5.60 (5.30, 6.00) | Z = 1539.918 | < 0.001 |
Family history of heart disease, n (%) | χ2 = 20.298 | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 107 (31.04) | 257 (14.54) | ||
No | 291 (68.96) | 1586 (85.47) | ||
Asthma, n (%) | χ2 = 5.175 | 0.023 | ||
Have | 108 (27.09) | 380 (19.61) | ||
Haven’t | 319 (72.91) | 1542 (80.39) | ||
Healthcare Related characteristics | ||||
Healthcare place type, n (%) | χ2 = 7.518 | 0.057 | ||
Clinic or health center | 82 (17.12) | 431 (21.79) | ||
Doctor's office or HMO | 305 (78.93) | 1191 (73.12) | ||
Hospital | 21 (3.68) | 109 (4.13) | ||
Others | 3 (0.26) | 17 (0.96) | ||
Number of times received healthcare over past year, n (%) | χ2 = 77.193 | < 0.001 | ||
0 | 11 (2.18) | 204 (10.81) | ||
1 | 21 (5.21) | 229 (12.32) | ||
2–3 | 75 (20.45) | 485 (26.66) | ||
4–9 | 150 (35.05) | 615 (33.18) | ||
10–12 | 81 (17.20) | 177 (7.63) | ||
13 or more | 90 (20.91) | 211 (9.40) | ||
Stayed overnight in the hospital due to illness last year, n (%) | χ2 = 53.250 | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 189 (42.35) | 386 (16.92) | ||
No | 239 (57.65) | 1535 (83.08) | ||
Number of overnight stays in the hospital due to illness, n (%) | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | Z = 501.298 | < 0.001 |