Table 3 Demographic, clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the participants according to tertiles of P1NP

P1NP

Median [IQR]

35.2 [26.3–46.0]

23.0 [19.2–26.2]

35.0 [31.6–37.7]

52.4 [45.8–64.2]

Range

6.34–1200

6.34–29.2

29.3–41.1

41.2–1200

Age, years

Mean ± SD

72.9 ± 5.0

72.63 ± 4.8

72.7 ± 5.0

73.3 ± 5.2

0.035

Females

N (%)

962 (48.3%)

253 (38.6%)

304 (46.1%)

405 (59.9%)

2.5 × 10⁻¹⁴

BMI, kg/m²

Mean ± SD

26.5 ± 4.2

26.5 ± 3.9

26.7 ± 4.3

26.3 ± 4.2

0.192

BSA, m²

Mean ± SD

1.80 ± 0.19

1.82 ± 0.18

1.81 ± 0.20

1.77 ± 0.18

2.0 × 10⁻⁶

Serum creatinine, mg/dL⁻¹

Mean ± SD

0.96 ± 0.27

0.96 ± 0.21

0.96 ± 0.26

0.96 ± 0.32

0.947

eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²

Mean ± SD

69.3 ± 21.0

70.7 ± 20.4

70.6 ± 22.3

66.7 ± 20.2

3.8 × 10⁻⁴

CKD (eGFR < 60)

N (%)

671 (34.0%)

206 (31.5%)

212 (32.6%)

253 (37.9%)

0.030

Clinical history

Hypertension

N (%)

1183 (59.4%)

387 (59.0%)

388 (58.9%)

408 (60.4%)

0.829

Diabetes mellitus

N (%)

330 (16.7%)

148 (22.7%)

98 (15.0%)

84 (12.5%)

2.0 × 10⁻⁶

Smoking

N (%)

259 (13.0%)

89 (13.6%)

93 (14.1%)

77 (11.4%)

1.2 × 10⁻⁴

Alcohol use

N (%)

1171 (58.8%)

405 (61.8%)

401 (60.8%)

365 (54.0%)

0.006

Dyslipidaemia

N (%)

854 (43.9%)

290 (45.3%)

284 (44.3%)

280 (42.0%)

0.474

Angina pectoris

N (%)

123 (6.2%)

47 (7.2%)

38 (5.8%)

38 (5.6%)

0.437

Myocardial infarction

N (%)

122 (6.2%)

42 (6.4%)

37 (5.7%)

43 (6.4%)

0.792

Atrial fibrillation

N (%)

153 (7.7%)

45 (6.9%)

55 (8.3%)

53 (7.8%)

0.589

COPD

N (%)

178 (8.9%)

67 (10.2%)

56 (8.5%)

55 (8.1%)

0.368

Heart failure

N (%)

127 (6.7%)

38 (6.1%)

41 (6.6%)

48 (7.5%)

0.605

AHA/ACC class

Normal

N (%)

250 (12.6%)

78 (11.9%)

85 (12.9%)

87 (12.9%)

0.103

A

N (%)

466 (23.4%)

152 (23.2%)

178 (27.0%)

136 (20.1%)

B

N (%)

1148 (57.7%)

388 (59.1%)

355 (53.9%)

405 (59.9%)

C

N (%)

127 (6.4%)

38 (5.8%)

41 (6.2%)

48 (7.1%)

Circulating biomarkers

IGFBP7, ng/mL

Median [IQR]

166 [151–184]

163 [149–179]

164 [149–182]

170 [154–192]

2.2 × 10⁻⁷

GDF-15, pg/mL

Median [IQR]

1468 [1168–1984]

1478 [1160–2046]

1435 [1160–1878]

1499 [1186–2070]

0.058

hs cTnT, ng/L

Median [IQR]

5.5 [3.0–9.5]

6.0 [3.0–9.8]

5.2 [3.0–8.6]

5.4 [3.0–10.4]

0.147

NT-proBNP, ng/L

Median [IQR]

92 [47–186]

85 [43–167]

87 [45–169]

112 [53–219]

9.0 × 10⁻⁶

Echocardiography and outcomes

LVEF, %

N = 1858)

Mean ± SD

66.1 ± 7.4

66.0 ± 7.6

66.2 ± 7.1

65.9 ± 7.5

0.803

LAA-, cm²

(N = 1332)

Mean ± SD

11.2 ± 4.4

11.1 ± 4.1

11.0 ± 4.3

11.6 ± 4.6

0.105

LV mass / BSA, g/m²

(N = 1489)

Mean ± SD

92.2 ± 23.2

94.2 ± 24.5

91.5 ± 23.2

90.9 ± 21.8

0.045

LVH

(N = 1853)

N (%)

396 (24.8%)

128 (23.9%)

123 (23.6%)

145 (26.9%)

0.400

MFS reduced

(N = 1470)

N (%)

471 (32.2%)

170 (34.2%)

144 (30.4%)

157 (31.8%)

0.435

E/e’ > 8

(N = 1801)

N (%)

801 (44.7%)

267 (45.4%)

239 (40.2%)

295 (48.4%)

0.016

Enlarged LA-area (N = 1332)

N (%)

54 (4.1%)

16 (3.7%)

15 (3.4%)

23 (5.1%)

0.413

Outcomes (N = 1715)

All-cause mortality

N (%)

526 (30.8%)

169 (30.0%)

159 (28.3%)

198 (34.0%)

0.098

CV mortality

N (%)

125 (6.3%)

38 (5.8%)

35 (5.3%)

52 (7.7%)

0.165

Hospitalization

N (%)

1360 (79.7%)

455 (80.8%)

443 (78.8%)

462 (79.4%)

0.693

CV hospitalization

N (%)

613 (35.9%)

217 (38.5%)

188 (33.5%)

208 (35.7%)

0.204

HF hospitalization

N (%)

184 (10.8%)

60 (10.7%)

50 (8.9%)

74 (12.7%)

0.114