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Table 3 The C-factor, calcification in different vessel beds and risk all-cause and cause-specific mortality

From: C-factor: a summary measure for systemic arterial calcifications

 

Cardiovascular mortality

Non-cardiovascular mortality

Overall mortality

n/N = 121/2384

HR per SD (CI)

n/N = 335/2384

HR per SD (CI)

n/N = 456/2384

HR per SD (CI)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

\(\sqrt[4]{\text{C-factor}}\)

1.94 (1.58; 2.38)

1.80 (1.46; 2.23)

1.61 (0.88; 2.96)

1.41 (1.25; 1.59)

1.40 (1.24; 1.59)

1.52 (1.06; 2.18)

1.53 (1.38; 1.70)

1.49 (1.34; 1.66)

1.56 (1.14; 2.12)

CAC*

1.87 (1.47; 2.38)

1.77 (1.38; 2.27)

1.26 (0.91; 1.75)

1.27 (1.12; 1.45)

1.27 (1.12; 1.45)

0.98 (0.82; 1.17)

1.40 (1.25; 1.56)

1.37 (1.22; 1.54)

1.04 (0.89; 1.22)

AAC*

1.67 (1.26; 2.21)

1.49 (1.13; 1.97)

0.96 (0.68; 1.35)

1.40 (1.21; 1.62)

1.37 (1.18; 1.59)

1.08 (0.88; 1.33)

1.46 (1.28; 1.66)

1.39 (1.22; 1.59)

1.04 (0.88; 1.24)

ECAC*

1.62 (1.30; 2.01)

1.49 (1.20; 1.85)

1.03 (0.76; 1.40)

1.27 (1.12; 1.43)

1.24 (1.10; 1.40)

0.97 (0.81; 1.15)

1.34 (1.21; 1.49)

1.30 (1.17; 1.44)

0.98 (0.85; 1.14)

ICAC*

1.65 (1.29; 2.11)

1.52 (1.19; 1.95)

0.94 (0.67; 1.31)

1.20 (1.06; 1.36)

1.18 (1.04; 1.34)

0.87 (0.73; 1.05)

1.29 (1.16; 1.45)

1.25 (1.12; 1.40)

0.88 (0.75; 1.03)

VBAC*

1.33 (1.18; 1.51)

1.28 (1.13; 1.46)

1.10 (0.94; 1.28)

1.14 (1.05; 1.25)

1.13 (1.03; 1.24)

1.02 (0.92; 1.13)

1.20 (1.12; 1.28)

1.17 (1.09; 1.26)

1.05 (0.96; 1.14)

  1. AAC, aortic arch calcification; CAC, coronary artery calcification; CI, 95%-confidence interval; ECAC, extracranial carotid artery calcification; ICAC, intracranial carotid artery calcification; HR, hazard ratio; n, cases; N, persons at risk; SD, standard deviation; and VBAC, vertebrobasilar artery calcification
  2. Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex
  3. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, current smoking status, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  4. Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, the C-factor and calcification in all vessel beds
  5. *All transformed volumes,( \(\sqrt[4]{C - factor}\) (after transformation to solely positive values)) in case of the C-factor and ln(calcification volume + 1 mm3) in case of calcification in the separate vessel beds