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Table 1 Clinical features of patients with hypertension secondary to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) categorized by presence of hypertensive crisis (HTC)

From: Hypertensive crisis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-induced hypertension

Factors

No HTC

n = 102

HTC

n = 19

p value

Basic characteristics

   

Age, years

50.5 (39.0–59.0)

42.0 (33.0–52.0)

0.062

Male sex

56 (54.90)

9 (47.37)

0.620

BMI, kg/mm2

29.3 (26.0–35.6)

30.6 (26.3–34.8)

0.917

SBP, mmHg

141 (130–150)

177 (150–190)

 < 0.001

DBP, mmHg

85 (79–93)

108 (90–121)

 < 0.001

Previous alcohol consumption*

14 (31.82)

3 (30.00)

0.999

Current alcohol consumption

9 (20.45)

1 (10)

0.667

Previous smoker*

7 (15.91)

2 (20.00)

0.667

Current smoker

3 (6.98)

0 (0.00)

0.999

Wearing dentures

3 (5.56)

0 (0.00)

0.999

No. of antihypertensive drugs

1 (1–2)

2 (1–3)

0.081

Statin therapy

56 (60.22)

11 (61.11)

0.999

Signs and symptoms of OSA

   

Snoring

61 (98.39)

12 (92.31)

0.319

Median snoring duration, years

8.0 (3.5–10.0)

2.0 (2.0–20)

0.500

Witnessed apnea

26 (70.27)

5 (83.33)

0.659

Nocturia, times/night

2 (1–3)

2.5 (1–4)

0.439

Morning headache

19 (50.00)

3 (75.00)

0.608

Unrefreshing sleep

26 (78.79)

5 (71.43)

0.645

Excessive daytime sleepiness

47 (87.04)

6 (75)

0.328

Mallampati classification

  

0.092

@1

0 (0)

(7.69)

 

@2

22 (35.48)

(23.08)

 

@3

29 (46.77)

(46.15)

 

@4

11 (17.74)

2 (15–38)

 

Macroglossia

30 (81.08)

6 (66.67)

0.384

Torus palatinus

8 (32.00)

2 (28.57)

0.999

Torus mandibularis

6 (25.00)

1 (14.29)

0.999

Tonsil enlargement (%)

7 (21.88)

1 (14–29)

0.999

Retrognathia (%)

5 (22.73)

2 (28.57)

0.999

Median neck circumference, cm

41.0 (38.0–44.7)

37.0 (35.0–38.0)

0.089

Co-morbid diseases

   

Diabetes mellitus

33 (35.48)

4 (26.67)

0.572

GERD

32 (39.51)

6 (40.00)

0.999

Allergic rhinitis

20 (50.00)

3 (33.33)

0.472

Cardiovascular events

   

Stroke

8 (8.99)

1 (7.69)

0.999

Coronary artery disease

8 (8.89)

2 (14.29)

0.621

Heart failure

9 (10.00)

2 (13.33)

0.656

Atrial fibrillation

2 (2.22)

1 (7.14)

0.355

Other arrhythmias

2 (2.25)

1 (7.69)

0.339

  1. Data recorded at the last follow-up at the clinic prior to HTC occurrence for HTC group and last follow-up at the clinic during study period for the no HTC group; data presented as numbers (percentage) or median (1st to 3rd quartile range)
  2. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease
  3. *Indicated no alcohol consumption or smoking at all after cessation
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

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