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Table 2 Mortality with HF as the underlying cause in KPSC, California, and the United States, 2001–2017

From: Temporal trends in heart failure mortality in an integrated healthcare delivery system, California, and the US, 2001–2017

Year

KPSC

California

United States

 

Male

Female

Overall

Male

Female

Overall

Male

Female

Overall

2001

34.4

16.4

23.9

37.2

31.7

33.9

60.9

55.3

57.9

2002

46.4

27.1

35.0

37.3

32.8

34.7

60.1

54.0

56.8

2003

44.9

32.3

37.3

42.5

35.7

38.5

60.5

53.7

56.6

2004

35.9

31.8

33.5

40.2

35.5

37.5

59.0

52.8

55.5

2005

42.1

35.5

38.3

41.2

37.5

39.2

59.1

53.5

56.0

2006

41.9

38.1

39.7

43.7

40.7

42.1

59.5

53.1

55.9

2007

37.6

32.5

35.0

39.0

33.9

36.0

55.2

48.2

51.2

2008

37.2

35.5

36.5

40.3

35.1

37.4

53.9

47.3

50.3

2009

47.7

33.5

39.4

41.4

33.7

36.9

53.7

45.2

48.8

2010

41.9

28.2

33.8

40.3

34.0

36.6

54.4

45.2

49.1

2011

47.4

36.6

40.8

43.0

35.8

38.8

53.0

44.4

48.1

2012

43.6

28.8

34.8

42.7

32.5

36.7

54.2

44.2

48.5

2013

40.9

32.3

36.0

42.7

34.2

37.7

57.4

46.4

51.1

2014

37.6

24.9

30.1

42.4

35.1

38.3

59.2

47.8

52.7

2015

43.0

35.1

38.5

48.5

38.0

42.5

63.9

51.0

56.5

2016

52.2

36.0

42.7

52.0

39.6

45.0

65.4

51.8

57.7

2017

50.8

39.6

44.7

53.5

41.0

46.5

66.0

51.9

57.9

AAPC (95% CI)

 Overall

1.3*

(0.1, 2.5)

4.1 (−3.7, 12.6)

1.3*

(0.0, 2.6)

2.2*

(1.2, 3.1)

1.6 (−0.1, 3.4)

1.5*

(0.3, 2.7)

0.5*

(0.1, 1.0)

−0.2

(−1.0, 0.6)

0.0

(−0.5, 0.5)

 2001–2011

1.3*

(0.1, 2.5)

6.5

(−5.9, 20.5)

1.3*

(0.0, 2.6)

0.8*

(0.2, 1.5)

0.6 (−1.7, 2.9)

0.2

(−0.8, 1.2)

−1.6 *

(−2.1, 1.0)

−2.3 *

(−3.4, − 1.2)

−2.1*

(−2.7, − 1.5)

 2011–2017

1.3*

(0.1, 2.5)

0.3

(−1.6, 2.2)

1.3*

(0.0, 2.6)

4.4* (2.2, 6.7)

3.5* (1.1, 5.9)

3.7*

(1.0, 6.5)

4.1*

(3.1, 5.2)

3.4*

(2.2, 4.6)

3.6*

(2.4, 4.8)

  1. AAPC average annual percent change; CI confidence interval; HF heart failure; KPSC Kaiser Permanente Southern California
  2. Rates of mortality presented as per 100,000 person-years and age-adjusted
  3. *denotes p < 0.05