Characteristics | No treatment | VKAs | DOACs | Antiplatelets | Antiplatelets + anticoagulants | Overall | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) | 45 (4.7) | 573 (59.6) | 208 (21.6) | 63 (6.6) | 72 (7.5) | 961 (100.0) | –- |
Inpatient/Outpatient, n (%) | 21 (46.7)/ 24 (53.3) | 301(52.5)/ 272 (47.5) | 70 (33.7)/ 138 (66.3) | 46 (73.0)/ 17 (27.0) | 43 (59.7)/ 29 (40.3) | 481(50.1)/ 480 (49.9) | –- |
Type of NVAF, n (%) b | < 0.001 | ||||||
Paroxysmal | 21 (46.7) | 90 (15.7) | 52 (25.0) | 26 (41.3) | 14 (19.4) | 203 (21.1) | |
Persistent | 6 (13.3) | 47 (8.2) | 19 (9.1) | 6 (9.5) | 7 (9.7) | 85 (8.8) | |
Permanent | 18 (40.0) | 436 (76.1) | 137 (65.9) | 31 (49.2) | 51 (70.8) | 673 (70.0) | |
Time since diagnosis, median (IQR), years a | 2.5 (0.1–7.2) | 4.7 (2.3–9.0) | 3.0 (1.3–8.0) | 5.0 (1.0–8.2) | 3.9 (1.4–8.3) | 4.2 (1.7–8.6) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities, n (%) b | |||||||
Active neoplasia | 11 (24.4) | 76 (13.3) | 24 (11.5) | 12 (19.0) | 10 (13.9) | 133 (13.8) | 0.149 |
COPD | 9 (20.0) | 164 (28.6) | 53 (25.5) | 15 (23.8) | 21 (29.2) | 262 (27.3) | 0.631 |
Renal disease/CKD | 17 (37.8) | 180 (31.4) | 54 (26.0) | 23 (36.5) | 24 (33.3) | 298 (31.0) | 0.336 |
Cardiovascular history, n (%) | |||||||
Congestive heart failure | 21 (46.7) | 323 (56.4) | 106 (51.0) | 28 (44.4) | 44 (61.1) | 522 (54.3) | 0.147 |
Ischaemic disease d | 1 (2.2) | 101 (17.6) | 28 (13.5) | 12 (19.0) | 37 (51.4) | 179 (18.6) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral artery disease | 1 (2.2) | 43 (7.5) | 17 (8.2) | 9 (14.3) | 18 (25.0) | 88 (9.2) | < 0.001 |
Stroke/TIA | 8 (17.8) | 95 (16.6) | 47 (22.6) | 17 (27.0) | 22 (30.6) | 189 (19.7) | 0.016 |
Arterial thromboembolism/venous thromboembolic disease, n (%) | 2 (4.4) | 29 (5.1) | 9 (4.3) | 2 (3.2) | 2 (2.8) | 44 (4.6) | 0.885 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 35 (77.8) | 519 (90.6) | 191 (91.8) | 54 (85.7) | 65 (90.3) | 864 (89.9) | 0.047 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 10 (22.2) | 237 (41.4) | 72 (34.6) | 31 (49.2) | 36 (50.0) | 386 (40.2) | 0.007 |
Abnormal hepatic function e, n (%) | 2 (4.4) | 37 (6.5) | 14 (6.7) | 6 (9.5) | 2 (2.8) | 61 (6.3) | 0.590 |
Abnormal renal function f, n (%) | 20 (44.4) | 249 (43.5) | 82 (39.4) | 31 (49.2) | 32 (44.4) | 414 (43.1) | 0.695 |
Prior bleeding, n (%) b | 8 (17.8) | 71 (12.4) | 33 (15.9) | 9 (14.3) | 10 (13.9) | 131 (13.6) | 0.678 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score, median (IQR) a | 4.0 (4.0–5.5) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.8) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 0.097 |
Risk categories, n (%) c | < 0.001 | ||||||
0 | 4 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.5) | |
1 | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 8 (0.8) | |
≥ 2 | 41 (91.1) | 567 (99.0) | 207 (99.5) | 62 (98.4) | 71 (98.6) | 948 (98.6) | |
Score ≥ 5, n (%) | 19 (46.4) | 330 (58.2) | 112 (54.6) | 39 (62.9) | 47 (66.0) | 547 (57.6) | |
HAS-BLED score, median (IQR) a | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | < 0.001 |
Risk categories, n (%) b | < 0.001 | ||||||
< 3 | 22 (48.9) | 228 (39.8) | 75 (36.1) | 7 (11.1) | 5 (6.9) | 337 (35.1) | |
≥ 3 | 23 (51.1) | 345 (60.2) | 133 (63.9) | 56 (88.9) | 67 (93.1) | 624 (64.9) |