Table 6 Mean non-HDL-c and prevalence of elevated non-HDL-c according to personal and clinical attributes
Mean (± SD) | Elevated non-HDL-c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p value | No n (%) | Yes n (%) | p value | ||
Age groups (years) 30–39 40–49 50–59 ≥ 60 | 4.03 (± 1.52) 4.33 (± 1.28) 4.58 (± 1.38) 4.48 (± 1.33) | < 0.001** | 607 (53.5) 1410 (46.1) 1231 (39.0) 1153 (42.7) | 528 (46.5) 1647 (53.9) 1925 (61.0) 1546 (57.3) | 0.000* |
Gender Male Female | 4.53 (± 1.33) 4.33 (± 1.38) | < 0.001** | 1693 (39.2) 2708 (47.3) | 2624 (60.8) 3022 (52.7) | < 0.001** |
Ethnicity Malay Chinese Indian Indigenous | 4.62 (± 1.27) 4.04 (± 1.31) 4.34 (± 1.15) 3.65 (± 1.52) | < 0.001** | 2740 (37.5) 566 (55.9) 128 (47.1) 967 (66.8) | 4574 (62.5) 447 (44.1) 144 (52.9) 481 (33.2) | < 0.001** |
Education attainment No formal education Primary Secondary Tertiary | 4.26 (± 1.44) 4.51 (± 1.35) 4.46 (± 1.33) 4.41 (± 1.22) | < 0.001** | 724 (49.8) 1006 (40.5) 1492 (42.8) 746 (43.7) | 730 (50.2) 1481 (59.6) 1991 (57.2) 960 (56.3) | < 0.001** |
Location Urban Rural | 4.53 (± 1.19) 4.30 (± 1.51) | < 0.001** | 2088 (41.5) 2313 (46.1) | 2946 (58.5) 2700 (53.9) | 0.002* |
Smoking status Non-smoker Previous smoker Current smoker | 4.39 (± 1.32) 4.51 (± 1.36) 4.63 (± 1.30) | < 0.001** | 3246 (45.2) 418 (39.9) 457 (37.3) | 3942 (54.8) 629 (60.1) 768 (62.7) | < 0.001** |
Diabetes mellitus No Yes | 4.37 (± 1.35) 4.67 (± 1.37) | < 0.001** | 3857 (45.3) 544 (35.5) | 4656 (54.7) 990 (64.5) | < 0.001** |
Hypertension No Yes | 4.30 (± 1.33) 4.55 (± 1.38) | < 0.001** | 2598 (48.2) 1803 (38.7) | 2793 (51.8) 2853 (61.3) | < 0.001** |
Body mass index Underweight Normal Overweight Obese | 3.73 (± 1.21) 4.06 (± 1.37) 4.52 (± 1.33) 4.67 (± 1.27) | < 0.001** | 260 (70.1) 1301 (56.9) 1482 (40.4) 1105 (34.4) | 111 (29.9) 987 (43.1) 2190 (59.6) 2107 (65.6) | < 0.001** |
Waist-hip ratio Normal Abdominal obesity | 4.21 (± 1.31) 4.64 (± 1.34) | < 0.001** | 2261 (51.1) 1659 936.4) | 2166 (48.9) 2895 (63.6) | < 0.001** |