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Table 5 Subgroup analysis of NACE in sustained PPI, intermittent PPI users and non-PPI users

From: Intermittent concurrent use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors did not increase risk of adverse clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease

Subgroup

No. of events (%)

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), p value

Sustained PPI users

Intermittent PPI users

Non-PPI users

Sustained versus non

Intermittent versus non

Intermittent versus sustained

Overall

27 (13.4)

13 (6.9)

25 (10.0)

1.309 (0.687, 2.495), p = 0.413

0.467 (0.213, 1.025), p = 0.058

0.357 (0.162, 0.786), p = 0.011

Age

      

 ≤ 60 y

3 (5.2)

4 (5.1)

6 (7.3)

1.152 (0.128, 10.388), p = 0.899

0.534 (0.055, 5.155), p = 0.588

0.464 (0.039, 5.486), p = 0.542

 > 60 y

24 (16.8)

9 (8.2)

19 (11.4)

1.392 (0.692, 2.802), p = 0.353

0.440 (0.170, 1.138), p = 0.090

0.316 (0.122, 0.818), p = 0.018

Gender

      

 Male

21 (17.1)

8 (6.9)

13 (7.5)

2.079 (0.937, 4.611), p = 0.072

0.526 (0.193, 1.434), p = 0.209

0.253 (0.097, 0.664), p = 0.005

 Female

6 (7.7)

5 (6.9)

12 (16.0)

0.411 (0.113, 1.489), p = 0.176

0.380 (0.097, 1.496), p = 0.166

0.925 (0.198, 4.317), p = 0.921

Hypertension

      

 Yes

23 (16.0)

9 (7.0)

20 (11.2)

1.234 (0.617, 2.466), p = 0.552

0.360 (0.135, 0.964), p = 0.042*

0.292 (0.109, 0.785), p = 0.015

 No

4 (7.0)

4 (6.7)

5 (7.1)

0.958 (0.140, 6.574), p = 0.965

0.328 (0.040, 2.725), p = 0.302

0.343 (0.038, 3.079), p = 0.339

Stroke

      

 Yes

7 (20.6)

2 (10.5)

12 (25.5)

0.668 (0.206, 2.164), p = 0.501

0.306 (0.031, 3.025), p = 0.311

0.457 (0.047, 4.469), p = 0.501

 No

20 (12.0)

11 (6.5)

13 (6.4)

2.433 (1.020, 5.805), p = 0.045

0.649 (0.258, 1.631), p = 0.358

0.267 (0.104, 0.686), p = 0.066

DM

      

 Yes

8 (18.6)

8 (13.1)

11 (13.8)

2.080 (0.647, 6.692), p = 0.219

0.707 (0.233, 2.151), p = 0.542

0.340 (0.092, 1.257), p = 0.106

 No

19 (12.0)

5 (3.9)

14 (8.3)

1.017 (0.465, 2.224), p = 0.966

0.369 (0.115, 1.185), p = 0.094

0.362 (0.118, 1.117), p = 0.077

CKD

      

 Yes

25 (15.9)

12 (8.1)

25 (14.2)

1.220 (0.633, 2.351), p = 0.552

0.441 (0.195, 0.999), p = 0.050

0.361 (0.157, 0.833), p = 0.017

 No

2 (4.5)

1 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

–

–

–

Gastroduodenal ulcer

      

 Yes

4 (9.1)

1 (3.6)

5 (26.3)

0.485 (0.048, 4.857), p = 0.538

0.191 (0.014, 2.550), p = 0.210

0.393 (0.034, 4.527), p = 0.454

 No

23 (14.7)

12 (7.5)

20 (8.7)

1.740 (0.856, 3.537), p = 0.126

0.583 (0.248, 1.369), p = 0.215

0.335 (0.142, 0.789), p = 0.012

PPI types

      

 Pantoprazole

24 (16.8)

8 (7.2)

25 (10.0)

1.176 (0.508, 2.718), p = 0.705

0.505 (0.196, 1.303), p = 0.158

0.430 (0.150, 1.230), p = 0.115

 Others

3 (5.2)

5 (6.4)

25 (10.0)

1.127 (0.514, 2.471), p = 0.766

0.381 (0.121, 1.202), p = 0.100

0.338 (0.098, 1.169), p = 0.087

PCI

      

 Yes

18 (11.9)

3 (2.5)

14 (9.3)

1.166 (0.522, 2.602), p = 0.708

0.194 (0.052, 0.731), p = 0.015

0.167 (0.045, 0.617), p = 0.007

 No

9 (18.0)

10 (14.7)

11 (11.1)

1.595 (0.532, 4.783), p = 0.405

0.954 (0.341, 2.671), p = 0.929

0.598 (0.178, 2.014), p = 0.407

CYP2C19 genotypes

      

 EM

5 (14.3)

2 (4.5)

5 (10.2)

4.173 (0.606, 28.750), p = 0.147

0.624 (0.088, 4.402), p = 0.636

0.149 (0.022, 1.031), p = 0.054

 IM

9 (16.4)

4 (8.0)

6 (12.8)

3.652 (0.916, 14.559), p = 0.066

0.664 (0.156, 2.827), p = 0.580

0.182 (0.044, 0.751), p = 0.019

 PM

2 (3.6)

1 (6.3)

2 (10.5)

–

0.058 (0.002, 1.887), p = 0.109

–

  1. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; EM, extensive metabolizers; GI, gastrointestinal; IM, intermediate metabolizers; MI, myocardial infarction; NACE, net adverse clinical events; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PM, poor metabolizers; PPI, proton pump inhibitor
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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