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Table 2 Left ventricular EL during different phase of cardiac cycle

From: Assessment of left ventricular energy loss using vector flow mapping in patients with stages 1–3 chronic kidney disease

Parameters

[J/(m3s)]

CKD patients (stage1–3)

Control

(n = 41)

All

(n = 48)

N-HTN

(n = 10)

W-HTN

(n = 18)

P-HTN

(n = 20)

EL-IVR

2.92 ± 2.70

1.97 ± 0.83

2.74 ± 2.22

3.55 ± 3.51

1.97 ± 1.58

EL-ED

7.65 ± 2.97

5.17 ± 1.66

5.45 ± 3.84

9.84 ± 4.59

6.45 ± 3.78

EL-LD

7.65 ± 2.87

6.79 ± 1.90

6.85 ± 2.63

9.29 ± 2.68

3.65 ± 1.89

EL-TD

7.38 ± 2.91

6.47 ± 1.33

6.56 ± 3.06

8.58 ± 3.03

4.83 ± 2.45

EL-IVC

5.87 ± 2.45

4.27 ± 2.48

5.53 ± 2.63

7.00 ± 1.71

3.58 ± 1.94

EL-EJE

9.33 ± 6.36

6.09 ± 2.38

7.18 ± 2.82

12.89 ± 8.18

5.02 ± 3.15

EL-TS

9.10 ± 5.61

5.65 ± 2.10

7.02 ± 4.54

12.70 ± 5.78

4.88 ± 3.15

  1. Date given as mean ± Standard Deviation
  2. EL Energy loss, EL-ED Energy loss during early diastole, EL-LD Energy loss during late diastole, EL-EJE Energy loss during ejection phase, EL-IVC Energy loss during isovolumic contraction phase, EL-IVR Energy loss during isovolumic relaxation phase, EL-TD Energy loss during total diastole, EL-TS Energy loss during total systole