Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 459 subjects with a baseline CAC score of zero and stratified according to CAC progression
Total population (n = 459) | CAC progression (+) (n = 106) | CAC progression (−) (n = 353) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 51.42 ± 8.44 | 53.07 ± 8.06 | 50.92 ± 8.49 | 0.021 |
Gender (%, male) | 311 (67.8%) | 88 (83.0%) | 223 (63.2%) | 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.94 ± 3.46 | 25.73 ± 2.94 | 24.70 ± 3.57 | 0.007 |
Hypertension (%) | 163 (35.7%) | 51 (48.6%) | 112 (31.9%) | 0.002 |
Diabetes (%) | 70 (15.3%) | 20 (18.9%) | 50 (14.2%) | 0.281 |
Current smoking (%) | 149 (34.0%) | 44 (43.1%) | 105 (31.3%) | 0.032 |
Pack-year | 9.89 ± 17.24 | 13.73 ± 20.06 | 8.72 ± 16.14 | 0.010 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 207.56 ± 36.55 | 211.29 ± 38.64 | 206.44 ± 35.89 | 0.231 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46.46.43 | 42.93 ± 10.17 | 47.52 ± 14.11 | 0.002 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 114.13 ± 28.63 | 117.20 ± 31.45 | 113.20 ± 27.71 | 0.208 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 157.03 ± 106.19 | 168.50 ± 96.38 | 153.58 ± 108.85 | 0.205 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.87 ± 0.86 | 5.96 ± 0.81 | 5.85 ± 0.87 | 0.255 |
Framingham risk score (%) | 0.0001 | |||
 <6 | 119 (25.9%) | 8 (7.5%) | 111 (31.4%) | |
 ≧6 | 340 (74.1%) | 98 (92.5%) | 242 (68.6%) | |
Follow-up period (years) | 4.67 ± 2.46 | 5.71 ± 2.68 | 4.35 ± 2.31 | 0.0001 |
CAC score in the final round (median, range) | 6.24 (0,0–431) | 27.29 (13,1–431) | 0 (0,0) | 0.0001 |