Fig. 1

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome and its surgical repair. Legend: HLHS involves a hypoplastic aorta and left ventricle, a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and an atrial septal defect (ASD). This results in a mixture of oxygenated (from PDA flow) and deoxygenated blood flow to the body. A 3-stage surgical repair involves ligation of the PDA, construction of a neo-Aorta, and a baffle in the right atrium that guides deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation. (Reproduced with permission from Benson DW, Martin LJ, Lo CW. [1])