Table 1 Characteristics at 1st and 2nd health examinations of 5469 men and 6868 women, stratified by categories of change in waist circumference
| Â | Categories of change in waist circumference (WC) (cm) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Loss > 5 cm | Loss > 2.5 and ≤ 5 cm | Loss or gain ≤2.5 cm | Gain > 2.5 and ≤ 5 cm | Gain > 5 cm | All | |||||||
MEN, N (row %) | 641 (11.7) | 656 (12.0) | 2211 (40.4) | 926 (16.9) | 1035 (18.9) | 5469 | 100.0% | |||||
WC at 1HE (cm) | 99.0 | 9.2 | 96.8 | 9.1 | 95.3 | 8.9 | 93.8 | 8.6 | 92.4 | 9.7 | 95.1 | 9.3 |
WC at 2HE (cm) | 91.0 | 9.2 | 93.2 | 9.1 | 95.4 | 8.9 | 97.6 | 8.6 | 100.5 | 10.0 | 96.0 | 9.6 |
WC change (cm) | −8.0 | 3.1 | −3.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 8.1 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 5.2 |
Annual WC change (cm) | −2.3 | 1.0 | −1.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
Age at 1HE (years) | 59.6 | 9.3 | 59.7 | 9.0 | 58.8 | 8.9 | 58.7 | 8.9 | 58.6 | 8.7 | 58.9 | 8.9 |
Age at 2HE (years) | 62.8 | 9.4 | 62.8 | 9.1 | 61.9 | 9.0 | 61.9 | 9.0 | 61.8 | 8.7 | 62.1 | 9.0 |
Age change (years) | 3.2 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 0.8 |
Weight at 1HE (kg) | 81.7 | 10.7 | 80.4 | 10.9 | 80.0 | 10.8 | 79.8 | 10.2 | 80.2 | 11.7 | 80.2 | 10.9 |
Weight at 2HE (kg) | 79.0 | 10.5 | 79.9 | 11.0 | 81.0 | 11.2 | 82.4 | 10.7 | 84.4 | 12.8 | 81.5 | 11.5 |
Weight change (kg) | −2.7 | 3.6 | −0.5 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 3.6 |
BMI at 1HE (kg/m2) | 26.8 | 3.2 | 26.5 | 3.1 | 26.3 | 3.1 | 26.2 | 3.0 | 26.3 | 3.3 | 26.3 | 3.1 |
BMI at 2HE (kg/m2) | 26.0 | 3.1 | 26.4 | 3.2 | 26.7 | 3.2 | 27.1 | 3.1 | 27.8 | 3.6 | 26.9 | 3.3 |
BMI change (kg/m2) | −0.8 | 1.2 | −0.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
Education - 1HE | ||||||||||||
 None | 172 | 26.8 | 164 | 25.0 | 573 | 25.9 | 248 | 26.8 | 287 | 27.7 | 1444 | 26.4% |
 O level and above | 469 | 73.2 | 492 | 75.0 | 1638 | 74.1 | 678 | 73.2 | 748 | 72.3 | 4025 | 73.6% |
Social class - 1HE | ||||||||||||
 Non-manual | 412 | 64.3 | 414 | 63.1 | 1352 | 61.2 | 585 | 63.2 | 632 | 61.1 | 3395 | 62.1% |
 Manual | 229 | 35.7 | 242 | 36.9 | 859 | 38.8 | 341 | 36.8 | 403 | 38.9 | 2074 | 37.9% |
Smoking status - 1HE | ||||||||||||
 Current | 66 | 10.3 | 60 | 9.2 | 185 | 8.4 | 86 | 9.3 | 110 | 10.6 | 507 | 9.3% |
 Former | 321 | 50.1 | 341 | 52.0 | 1200 | 54.3 | 477 | 51.5 | 559 | 54.0 | 2898 | 53.0% |
 Never | 254 | 39.6 | 255 | 38.9 | 826 | 37.4 | 363 | 39.2 | 366 | 35.4 | 2064 | 37.7% |
Smoking status - 2HE | ||||||||||||
 Current | 67 | 10.5 | 59 | 9.0 | 166 | 7.5 | 65 | 7.0 | 81 | 7.8 | 438 | 8.0% |
 Former | 320 | 49.9 | 342 | 52.1 | 1221 | 55.2 | 498 | 53.8 | 589 | 56.9 | 2970 | 54.3% |
 Never | 254 | 39.6 | 255 | 38.9 | 824 | 37.3 | 363 | 39.2 | 365 | 35.3 | 2061 | 37.7% |
Physical activity - 1HE | ||||||||||||
 Inactive | 193 | 30.1 | 160 | 24.4 | 601 | 27.2 | 233 | 25.2 | 257 | 24.8 | 1444 | 26.4% |
 Moderately inactive | 163 | 25.4 | 196 | 29.9 | 529 | 23.9 | 216 | 23.3 | 249 | 24.1 | 1353 | 24.7% |
 Moderately active | 156 | 24.3 | 159 | 24.2 | 541 | 24.5 | 249 | 26.9 | 272 | 26.3 | 1377 | 25.2% |
 Active | 129 | 20.1 | 141 | 21.5 | 540 | 24.4 | 228 | 24.6 | 257 | 24.8 | 1295 | 23.7% |
Deaths during follow-up | 218 | 34.0 | 196 | 29.9 | 585 | 26.5 | 246 | 26.6 | 306 | 29.6 | 1551 | 28.4% |
Lost weight in last 5 years (2HE) | ||||||||||||
 Diet | 61 | 22.9 | 42 | 15.8 | 92 | 34.6 | 28 | 10.5 | 43 | 16.2 | 266 | 4.9% |
 Illness | 28 | 21.7 | 7 | 5.4 | 51 | 39.5 | 17 | 13.2 | 26 | 20.2 | 129 | 2.4% |
WOMEN, N (row %) | 873 (12.7) | 875 (12.7) | 2596 (37.8) | 1131 (16.5) | 1393 (20.3) | 6868 | 100.0% | |||||
WC at 1HE (cm) | 87.2 | 11.4 | 82.6 | 10.5 | 80.0 | 9.5 | 79.1 | 9.7 | 79.6 | 9.2 | 81.0 | 10.2 |
WC at 2HE (cm) | 78.8 | 10.7 | 78.9 | 10.5 | 80.1 | 9.6 | 82.8 | 9.7 | 88.0 | 10.0 | 81.9 | 10.5 |
WC change (cm) | −8.4 | 3.5 | −3.7 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 8.4 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 5.6 |
Annual WC change (cm) | −2.4 | 1.2 | −1.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 1.6 |
Age at 1HE (years) | 58.7 | 9.0 | 58.5 | 9.2 | 58.0 | 8.9 | 57.4 | 8.6 | 57.5 | 8.5 | 58.0 | 8.8 |
Age at 2HE (years) | 61.9 | 9.2 | 61.6 | 9.3 | 61.2 | 9.0 | 60.5 | 8.6 | 60.6 | 8.6 | 61.1 | 8.9 |
Age change (years) | 3.1 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 0.8 |
Weight at 1HE (kg) | 70.1 | 12.8 | 67.8 | 11.7 | 66.2 | 10.4 | 66.7 | 10.6 | 68.5 | 10.7 | 67.5 | 11.1 |
Weight at 2HE (kg) | 67.7 | 12.1 | 67.3 | 11.7 | 67.3 | 10.8 | 69.2 | 11.2 | 73.0 | 12.0 | 68.9 | 11.6 |
Weight change (kg) | −2.4 | 4.8 | −0.5 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 4.1 |
BMI at 1HE (kg/m2) | 26.9 | 4.6 | 26.0 | 4.3 | 25.5 | 3.8 | 25.6 | 3.9 | 26.3 | 3.9 | 25.9 | 4.0 |
BMI at 2HE (kg/m2) | 26.1 | 4.3 | 26.0 | 4.4 | 26.0 | 4.0 | 26.6 | 4.2 | 28.1 | 4.4 | 26.6 | 4.3 |
BMI change (kg/m2) | −0.8 | 1.8 | −0.1 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.6 |
Education - 1HE | ||||||||||||
 None | 291 | 33.3 | 321 | 36.7 | 983 | 37.9 | 402 | 35.5 | 528 | 37.9 | 2525 | 36.8% |
 O level and above | 582 | 66.7 | 554 | 63.3 | 1613 | 62.1 | 729 | 64.5 | 865 | 62.1 | 4343 | 63.2% |
Social class - 1HE | ||||||||||||
 Non-manual | 537 | 61.5 | 558 | 63.8 | 1659 | 63.9 | 727 | 64.3 | 877 | 63.0 | 4358 | 63.4% |
 Manual | 336 | 38.5 | 317 | 36.2 | 937 | 36.1 | 404 | 35.7 | 516 | 37.0 | 2510 | 36.6% |
Smoking status - 1HE | ||||||||||||
 Current | 94 | 10.8 | 72 | 8.2 | 224 | 8.6 | 100 | 8.8 | 128 | 9.2 | 618 | 9.0% |
 Former | 290 | 33.2 | 287 | 32.8 | 794 | 30.6 | 329 | 29.1 | 469 | 33.7 | 2169 | 31.6% |
 Never | 489 | 56.0 | 516 | 59.0 | 1578 | 60.8 | 702 | 62.1 | 796 | 57.1 | 4081 | 59.4% |
Smoking status - 2HE | ||||||||||||
 Current | 88 | 10.1 | 70 | 8.0 | 206 | 7.9 | 76 | 6.7 | 105 | 7.5 | 545 | 7.9% |
 Former | 297 | 34.0 | 289 | 33.0 | 814 | 31.4 | 353 | 31.2 | 494 | 35.5 | 2247 | 32.7% |
 Never | 488 | 55.9 | 516 | 59.0 | 1576 | 60.7 | 702 | 62.1 | 794 | 57.0 | 4076 | 59.4% |
Physical activity - 1HE | ||||||||||||
 Inactive | 234 | 26.8 | 236 | 27.0 | 622 | 24.0 | 245 | 21.7 | 369 | 26.5 | 1706 | 24.8% |
 Moderately inactive | 282 | 32.3 | 275 | 31.4 | 874 | 33.7 | 390 | 34.5 | 457 | 32.8 | 2278 | 33.2% |
 Moderately active | 220 | 25.2 | 206 | 23.5 | 631 | 24.3 | 291 | 25.7 | 328 | 23.6 | 1676 | 24.4% |
 Active | 137 | 15.7 | 158 | 18.1 | 469 | 18.1 | 205 | 18.1 | 239 | 17.2 | 1208 | 17.6% |
Deaths during follow-up | 212 | 24.3 | 181 | 20.7 | 487 | 18.8 | 176 | 15.6 | 259 | 18.6 | 1315 | 19.2% |
Menopausal status (2HE) | ||||||||||||
 Pre-menopausal | 51 | 5.8 | 55 | 6.3 | 170 | 6.6 | 67 | 5.9 | 86 | 6.2 | 429 | 6.3% |
 Early peri-menopausal | 26 | 3.0 | 34 | 3.9 | 80 | 3.1 | 63 | 5.6 | 48 | 3.5 | 251 | 3.7% |
Late peri-menopausal (1–5 y) | 149 | 17.1 | 168 | 19.2 | 504 | 19.4 | 213 | 18.8 | 288 | 20.7 | 1322 | 19.3% |
Post-menopausal (> 5 y) | 647 | 74.1 | 618 | 70.6 | 1842 | 71.0 | 788 | 69.7 | 971 | 69.7 | 4866 | 70.9% |
Lost weight in last 5 years (2HE) | ||||||||||||
 Diet | 179 | 23.6 | 108 | 14.3 | 233 | 30.8 | 94 | 12.4 | 143 | 18.9 | 757 | 11.0% |
 Illness | 33 | 19.5 | 25 | 14.8 | 62 | 36.7 | 26 | 15.4 | 23 | 13.6 | 169 | 2.5% |