Table 1 Population Characteristics According to Hyperpolypharmacy

Mean age (SD)

70.0 (8.9)

70.1 (9.1)

69.7 (8.2)

Age, %

 50–74

61

60

65

 ≥75

40

41

35

Women, %

49

48

54

Race, %

 White

77

76

81

 Black

13

13

13

 Other

10

12

6

Primary Payer, %

 Medicare without Medicaid

66

64

72

 Medicaid without Medicare

6

6

6

 Dual Medicare and Medicaid

7

7

8

 Other insurance

15

16

12

 Uninsured

6

7

3

Education, %

 High school or below

87

8

93

 College degree and above

13

15

7

Household Income (%)

 ≥$75,000

14

16

10

 $35,000–$74,000

28

28

28

 $20,000–$34,000

27

27

28

 <$20,000

27

26

32

 Refused to answer

3

4

2

Married, %

53

52

56

Living alone, %

26

27

24

Count of comorbidities, mean (95% CI)

4.7 (4.5–4.8)

4.3 (4.1–4.4)

5.9 (5.5–6.3)

Smoking status, %

 Never

40

40

39

 Past

43

42

48

 Current

16

18

13

Change in self-reported health, %

 Better

22

22

23

 Worse

22

21

27

 Same

55

57

50

Cognitive impairment, %

24

23

26

Functional impairment, %

12

10

16

Number of contacts with ambulatory healthcare services, past year

 0–3

20

25

7

 4–9

41

42

38

 ≥10

39

33

56

Number of hospitalizations, past year

 <3

91

95

82

 ≥3

9

5

18

Cycle Year

 2003–2004

17

18

16

 2005–2006

17

18

14

 2007–2008

16

15

16

 2009–2010

14

14

14

 2011–2012

19

19

20

 2013–2014

18

17

21