Fig. 1

Flow chart of patients and medications. 1) Switching therapy group (blue): patients who switched from oral bisoprolol to the bisoprolol transdermal patch. We switched the medication from oral bisoprolol (5 mg) to the bisoprolol transdermal patch (8 mg) in our study. However, 1 patient had already taken oral bisoprolol (7.5 mg) and was switched to the bisoprolol transdermal patch (8 mg). 2) Add-on therapy group (green): patients who started the bisoprolol transdermal patch as a new medication. One patient was newly introduced to the 8-mg bisoprolol transdermal patch, and 3 patients were introduced to the 4-mg bisoprolol transdermal patch. HOCM = hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy