Association of sleep disturbances within 4 weeks prior to incident acute myocardial infarction and long-term survival in male and female patients: an observational study from the MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry

Table 4 Association of frequency of sleep disturbances within 4 weeks prior to AMI (categorization 2 and binary split) and long-term mortality in male and female patients

		Men (n = 2511; 318 deaths)			Women (n = 828; 131 deaths)
		HR	[95% CI]	p-value^a	HR	[95% CI]	p-value^a
	Frequency of sleep disturbances
Age-adjusted model	never	1	Ref.	0.0183	1	Ref.	0.7162
	occasionally	1.52	[1.11–2.07]		1.12	[0.68–1.82]
	frequently	1.29	[0.97–1.72]		0.90	[0.61–1.33]
Full model^b	never	1	Ref.	0.1256	1	Ref.	0.7163
	occasionally	1.37	[1.00–1.87]		1.10	[0.67–1.82]
	frequently	1.19	[0.89–1.59]		0.89	[0.59–1.33]
	Sleep disturbances at any time
Age-adjusted model	no	1	Ref.		1	Ref.
Age-adjusted model	yes	1.38	[1.10–1.74]	0.0070	0.96	[0.68–1.36]	0.8330
Full model^b	no	1	Ref.		1	Ref.
Full model^b	yes	1.26	[1.00–1.60]	0.0571	0.95	[0.67–1.36]	0.7854

AMI acute myocardial infarction, CI confidence interval, HR Hazard Ratio
^ap-value obtained from Likelihood Ratio test for overall significance of ‘frequency of sleep disturbances’ in the respective model
^badjusted for age (cont.), low education (< 9 years), married, employment status, ever smoking, BMI (cont.), hypertension, angina, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, type of infarction, any revascularization treatment (coronary artery bypass surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with/without stenting, or thrombolysis), all four evidence based medications at discharge (antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, ACEIs/ARBs (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers), statins) and year of MI

ISSN: 1471-2261