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Table 5 Determinants of statin use in secondary prevention (mixed-effect logistic regression)

From: Time trends in statin use and incidence of recurrent cardiovascular events in secondary prevention between 1999 and 2013: a registry-based study

Variables

Multivariable analysis (50–59 years)

Multivariable analysis (60–79 years)

Multivariable analysis (80+ years)

OR [95%CI]

p-value

OR [95% CI]

p-value

OR [95% CI]

p-value

Baseline characteristics

 Age, per year increase

  

1.25 [1.02; 1.52]

0.030

0.87 [0.84; 0.90]

< 0.001

 Women

0.59 [0.42; 0.84]

0.003

0.64 [0.54; 0.77]

< 0.001

0.68 [0.51; 0.89]

0.005

 LDL measurement

  

0.64 [0.49; 0.83]

0.001

0.50 [0.37; 0.68]

< 0.001

Type of CVD history

 MI

  

1.42 [1.15; 1.75]

0.001

  

 IHD without angina

  

1.40 [1.12; 1.75]

0.003

1.48 [1.06; 2.09]

0.022

 IHD with angina

1.60 [1.04; 2.45]

0.030

  

1.36 [1.03; 1.80]

0.033

Comorbidities

 Atrial fibrillation

    

0.66 [0.48; 0.92]

0.013

 Hypercholesterolemia

3.59 [2.45; 5.30]

< 0.001

2.40 [1.98; 2.92]

< 0.001

2.93 [2.18; 3.97]

< 0.001

 Hypertension

0.65 [0.44; 0.96]

0.030

0.58 [0.48; 0.70]

< 0.001

0.65 [2.18; 3.97]

0.002

 Mental disorder

    

0.63 [0.43; 0.91]

0.015

Co-medications

Aspirin and antihypertensive agents

 Reference: Aspirin + RAS and

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Non-RAS

      

 Aspirin + RAS or Non-RAS

0.63 [0.28; 1.35]

0.236

0.61 [0.44; 0.85]

0.004

0.67 [0.40; 1.12]

0.126

 Aspirin alone

0.48 [0.19; 1.19]

0.110

0.23 [0.15; 0.36]

< 0.001

0.30 [0.13; 0.71]

0.006

 RAS or Non-RAS

0.15 [0.08; 0.28]

< 0.001

0.36 [0.27; 0.47]

< 0.001

0.37 [0.24; 0.57]

< 0.001

 None of these 3 categories

0.03 [0.01; 0.06]

< 0.001

0.04 [0.03; 0.05]

< 0.001

0.02 [0.01; 0.03]

< 0.001

 Other lipid lowering medication

0.39 [0.17; 0.88]

0.024

0.24 [0.17; 0.35]

< 0.001

0.19 [0.08; 0.42]

< 0.001

Charlson comorbidity index

 mCCI indexa

  

0.89 [0.83; 0.95]

< 0.001

  

 Liver disease

    

0.54 [0.28; 1.00]

0.054

 Diabetes, mellitus

  

1.52 [1.22; 1.88]

< 0.001

  

 Paralysis

5.12 [1.51; 17.60]

0.009

    

 Cancer

0.63 [0.39; 1.01]

0.059

    

Renal insufficiency

 Yes

1.88 [0.53; 6.60]

0.318

0.98 [0.65; 1.46]

0.904

  

 Not measured

0.34 [0.20; 0.55]

< 0.001

0.39 [0.27; 0.55]

< 0.001

  
  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, LDL low-density lipoprotein, CVD cardiovascular disease, MI myocardial infarction, IHD ischemic heart disease, RAS renin-angiotensin system, mCCI modified Charlson comorbidity index
  2. aMissing kidney function is treated as a score of 0