Table 1 Characteristics of study population by quartiles of dietary diversity score (DDS)

Age (years)

46.14 ± 9.27

42.45 ± 9.63

43.81 ± 9.91

43.22 ± 11.40

Men [n (%)]

67.6%

58.1%

62.8%

70%

BMI (kg/m²)

29.05 ± 4.90^a

29.33 ± 3.81

30.53 ± 4.90

31.59 ± 4.54

WC (cm)

103.36 ± 9.67

102.00 ± 7.68^b

104.86 ± 8.16

106.83 ± 7.69

WHR

0.94 ± 4.90

0.90 ± 0.08

0.92 ± 0.05

0.95 ± 0.08

Obesity (%)^c

15.9

17.4

29

37.7

  < 12 years

8.6%

21.9%

2.3%

5%

 12

45.7%

34.4%

41.9%

25%

  > 12 years

45.7%

43.8%

55.8%

70%

Smoking [n (%)]

17.61

12.90

7

3

Grain diversity score

0.67 ± 0.15^e

0.70 ± 0.21

0.83 ± 0.17

0.90 ± 0.26

Fruits diversity score

0.65 ± 0.48^e

1.12 ± 0.33

1.23 ± 0.43

1.50 ± 0.51

Vegetable diversity score

0.48 ± 0.28^e

0.68 ± 0.28

0.77 ± 0.32

0.96 ± 0.31

Dairy diversity score

1.16 ± 0.37^e

1.66 ± 0.50

1.70 ± 0.36

1.85 ± 0.28

Meat diversity score

0.21 ± 0.34^e

0.25 ± 0.13

0.39 ± 0.14

0.81 ± 0.43

Energy density (ED)

0.92 ± 0.25^e

0.89 ± 0.18

0.87 ± 0.18

0.90 ± 0.24