Table 1 Baseline characteristics and long-term mortality of patients with AMI by anemia status (n = 2011)
|  | Anemiaa (n = 283) | Non-anemiad (n = 1728) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Mild anemiab (n = 183) | Moderate to severe anemiac (n = 100) | |||
Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||
 Age (years) | 64.8 ± 8.5 | 64.5 ± 8.5 | 65.4 ± 8.4 | 60.1 ± 9.6 | < 0.0001 |
 Female | 70 (24.7) | 43 (23.5) | 27 (27.0) | 440 (25.5) | 0.7838 |
 Living alone, (n = 1939) | 54 (20.7) | 35 (20.2) | 19 (21.6) | 291 (17.34) | 0.4057 |
Risk factors and medical history | |||||
 BMI (kg/m2), (n = 1934) | 27.2 ± 4.8 | 27.4 ± 4.8 | 26.8 ± 4.9 | 28.0 ± 4.5 | 0.0272 |
 Smoking status, (n = 1886) |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
  Smoker | 55 (22.7) | 36 (22.5) | 19 (23.2) | 661 (40.2) |  |
  Ex-smoker | 102 (41.2) | 70 (43.8) | 32 (39.0) | 515 (31.3) |  |
  Never smoker | 85 (35.1) | 54 (33.8) | 31 (37.8) | 468 (28.5) |  |
 Prior myocardial infarction | 41 (14.5) | 24 (13.2) | 17 (17.0) | 165 (9.6) | 0.0228 |
 Angina pectoris | 71 (25.1) | 51 (27.9) | 20 (20.0) | 282 (16.3) | 0.0004 |
 Hypertension | 230 (81.3) | 142 (77.6) | 88 (88.0) | 1367 (79.1) | 0.0830 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 164 (58.0) | 107 (58.5) | 57 (57.0) | 1118 (64.7) | 0.0884 |
 Diabetes | 123 (43.5) | 68 (37.2) | 55 (55.0) | 488 (28.2) | < 0.0001 |
 Stroke | 38 (13.4) | 21 (11.5) | 17 (17.0) | 85 (4.9) | < 0.0001 |
Laboratory markers | |||||
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.2 ± 1.6 | 12.1 ± 0.6 | 9.5 ± 1.3 | 14.8 ± 1.3 | < 0.0001 |
 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 63.9 (43.4–85.5) | 65.9 (47.4–83.4) | 60.3 (35.9–88.4) | 78.3 (64.4–92.3) | < 0.0001 |
 eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 122 (43.1) | 73 (39.9) | 49 (49.0) | 329 (19.0) | < 0.0001 |
Clinical characteristics | |||||
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120 ± 17 | 120 ± 16 | 121 ± 19 | 118 ± 15 | 0.0746 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68 ± 10 | 68 ± 10 | 67 ± 11 | 69 ± 10 | 0.1236 |
 Heart rate (bpm) | 73 ± 11 | 73 ± 11 | 73 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 0.0004 |
 AMI type |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
  STEMI | 63 (22.3) | 46 (25.14) | 17 (17.0) | 616 (35.6) |  |
  NSTEMI | 194 (68.6) | 120 (65.6) | 74 (74.0) | 1019 (59.0) |  |
  Bundle branch block | 26 (9.2) | 17 (9.3) | 9 (9.0) | 93 (5.4) |  |
 LVEF (n = 1188) |  |  |  |  | 0.0021 |
  LVEF < 30% | 4 (2.9) | 3 (1.6) | 1 (1.0) | 38 (2.2) |  |
  LVEF ≥30% | 132 (46.6) | 87 (47.5) | 45 (45.0) | 1014 (58.7) |  |
  Missing | 147 (51.9) | 93 (50.8) | 54 (54.0) | 676 (39.1) |  |
Medication at discharge | |||||
 Antiplatelet agents | 263 (92.9) | 172 (94.0) | 91 (91.0) | 1686 (97.6) | < 0.0001 |
 ACEIs/ARBs | 225 (79.5) | 149 (81.4) | 76 (76.0) | 1493 (86.4) | 0.0045 |
 Beta-blocker | 271 (95.8) | 175 (95.6) | 96 (96.0) | 1728 (96.1) | 0.9595 |
 Statins | 239 (84.5) | 161 (88.0) | 78 (78.0) | 1636 (94.7) | < 0.0001 |
 4 EBM | 178 (62.9) | 125 (68.3) | 53 (53.0) | 1358 (78.6) | < 0.0001 |
 Calcium channel blocker | 49 (17.3) | 33 (18.0) | 16 (16.0) | 216 (12.5) | 0.0758 |
 Diuretics | 184(65.0) | 115 (62.8) | 69 (69.0) | 877 (50.8) | < 0.0001 |
 Insulin | 57 (20.1) | 30 (16.4) | 27 (27.0) | 147 (8.5) | < 0.0001 |
 Other antidiabetic agents | 51 (18.0) | 31 (16.9) | 20 (20.0) | 225 (13.0) | 0.0594 |
In-hospital treatment | |||||
 PCI | 139 (49.1) | 102 (55.7) | 37 (37.0) | 1335 (77.3) | < 0.0001 |
 CABG | 66 (23.3) | 39 (21.3) | 27 (27.0) | 235 (13.6) | < 0.0001 |
Any in-hospital complicatione | 51 (18.0) | 31 (16.9) | 20 (20.0) | 229 (13.3) | 0.0773 |
Outcome | |||||
 All-cause mortality | 85 (30.0) | 48 (26.2) | 37 (37.0) | 156 (9.0) | < 0.0001 |