Table 1 Comparisons of clinical features (n = 497)
Non (n = 90) | VKAs (n = 257) | DOACs (n = 150) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 74.4 ± 12.0 | 69.9 ± 11.8** | 70.4 ± 12.9* | 0.010 |
CHADS2 score | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 0.286 |
CHA2DS2-Vasc score | 4.8 ± 1.6 | 4.4 ± 1.7 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 0.074 |
HAS-BLED score | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 1.2** | 2.7 ± 1.4* | 0.006 |
Paroxysmal af (n, %) | 44 (48.9) | 89 (34.6) | 52 (34.7) | 0.041 |
Male gender (n, %) | 44 (48.9) | 175 (68.1) | 89 (59.3) | 0.004 |
Body mass index (kg/cm2) | 22.7 ± 4.9 | 23.3 ± 4.0 | 23.5 ± 3.9 | 0.404 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.8 ± 33.1 | 123.8 ± 28.8 | 132.3 ± 36.3 | 0.021 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.8 ± 19.2 | 72.6 ± 18.6 | 76.0 ± 24.3 | 0.265 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 89.7 ± 35.0 | 84.1 ± 29.1 | 85.5 ± 35.8 | 0.371 |
NYHA class III or IV (n, %) | 6 (6.7) | 8 (3.1) | 4 (2.7) | 0.226 |
Preserved LVEF (n, %) | 41 (45.6) | 126 (49.0) | 67 (44.7) | 0.662 |
Etiology | 0.130 | |||
Ischemic (n, %) | 26 (28.9) | 68 (26.5) | 43 (28.7) | |
Cardiomyopathy (n, %) | 23 (25.6) | 68 (26.5) | 36 (24.0) | |
Valvular (n, %) | 19 (21.1) | 70 (27.2) | 25 (16.7) | |
Others (n, %) | 22 (24.4) | 51 (19.8) | 46 (30.7) | |
Co-morbidity | ||||
Hypertension (n, %) | 67 (74.4) | 202 (78.6) | 98 (65.3) | 0.013 |
Diabetes (n, %) | 36 (40.0) | 103 (40.1) | 53 (35.3) | 0.611 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 66 (73.3) | 185 (72.0) | 97 (64.7) | 0.224 |
CKD (n, %) | 49 (54.4) | 163 (63.4) | 85 (56.7) | 0.213 |
Anemia (n, %) | 58 (64.4) | 144 (56.0) | 70 (46.7) | 0.023 |
Stroke (n, %) | 23 (25.6) | 65 (25.3) | 32 (21.3) | 0.628 |
Medications | ||||
RAS inhibitors (n, %) | 61 (67.8) | 206 (80.2) | 115 (76.7) | 0.057 |
β-blockers (n, %) | 63 (70.0) | 219 (85.2) | 116 (77.3) | 0.005 |
Diuretics (n, %) | 55 (61.1) | 214 (83.3) | 103 (68.7) | < 0.001 |
Inotropic agents (n, %) | 9 (10.0) | 52 (20.2) | 7 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
Antiplatelet agents (n, %) | 43 (47.8) | 108 (42.0) | 62 (41.3) | 0.576 |
Laboratory data | ||||
BNP (pg/ml) § | 332.8 (140.3–656.1) | 284.1 (157.4–625.9) | 270.8 (101.8–552.2) | 0.494 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dl) § | 0.13 (0.05–0.53) | 0.07 (0.03–0.18) | 0.08 (0.04–0.25) | 0.104 |
Sodium (mEq/l) | 138.6 ± 5.1 | 138.7 ± 4.0 | 139.2 ± 4.3 | 0.561 |