Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study subjects

Age, years

69 ± 8

72 ± 20

0.431

Male

15 (75)

21 (60)

0.260

BMI, kg/m²

22 ± 4

21 ± 5

0.109

Smoking history

16 (80)

19 (54)

0.057

NYHA class, I/II/III/IV

–

3/28/4/0

–

SBP, mmHg

131 ± 19

124 ± 22

0.161

Heart rate, beats/min

71 ± 16

77 ± 19

0.077

 Ischemic

–

9 (26)

–

 Valvular

–

3 (9)

–

 Cardiomyopathy

–

13 (37)

–

 Others

–

10 (29)

–

Hypertension

13 (65)

26 (74)

0.466

COPD

4 (20)

2 (6)

0.119

Atrial fibrillation

3 (15)

11 (31)

0.178

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

65 ± 18

44 ± 22

< 0.001

 Total cholesterol, mg/dL

173 ± 32

163 ± 46

0.430

 Total bilirubin, mg/dL

0.9 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.4

0.562

 Glucose, mg/dL

125 ± 24

125 ± 37

0.403

 Hemoglobin A1c, %

7.0 ± 1.2

6.7 ± 0.7

0.719

 BNP, pg/mL (median, IQR)

32 (15–44)

274 (61–459)

< 0.001

 TKB, μmL/L (median, IQR)

158 (68–271)

228 (75–448)

0.186

 LVDd, mm

47 ± 7

52 ± 10

0.046

 LVDs, mm

31 ± 7

40 ± 12

0.008

 LVEF, %

58 ± 7

44 ± 16

0.005

 LAD, mm

37 ± 6

44 ± 8

0.009

 E, cm/s

0.6 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.3

0.032

 Dct, msec

223 ± 54

198 ± 67

0.105

 ACE-I/ARB

10 (50)

22 (63)

0.352

 β-blocker

7 (35)

24 (69)

0.016

 Insulin

5 (25)

8 (23)

0.553

 Oral antidiabetic agents except SGLT-2 inhibitor

12 (60)

16 (46)

0.308

 SGLT-2 inhibitor

1 (5)

3 (9)

0.537