Table 2 Characteristics of subclinical impairments according to the CVH score categories
Characteristics | Poor CVH (0–2) | Intermediate CVH (3–4) | Ideal CVH (5–7) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number, n | 1238 | 1423 | 348 | Â |
Subclinical biomarkers, median (Q1, Q3) | ||||
 Homocysteine, μmol/L | 10.2 (8.3,12.3) | 9.0 (7.3, 11.0) | 7.5 (6.2, 9.2) | <0.001 |
 C-reactive protein, mg/L | 1.9 (1.1, 3.2) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.3) | 0.9 (0.58, 1.6) | <0.001 |
 Microalbuminuria, mg/L | 11.6 (6.1, 21.6) | 8.6 (4.9, 14.3) | 5.2 (2.0, 9.8) | <0.001 |
Subclinical disease markers, n (%) | ||||
 1. Increased CIMT | 214 (17.3) | 184 (12.9) | 24 (6.9) | <0.001 |
 2. Presence of carotid plaque | 396 (32.0) | 364 (25.6) | 45 (12.9) | <0.001 |
 3. LV hypertrophy by ECG/echocardiography | 215 (17.4) | 211 (14.8) | 27 (7.8) | <0.001 |
 4. LV systolic dysfunction by echocardiography | 39 (3.2) | 23 (1.6) | 1 (0.3) | 0.001 |
 5. Peripheral arterial disease by ABI ≤ 0.9 | 22 (1.8) | 13 (0.9) | 0 | 0.012 |
Composite of subclinical disease markers | ||||
 At least 1, n (%) | 643 (51.9) | 605 (42.5) | 91 (26.3) | <0.001 |
 At least 2, n (%) | 201 (16.27) | 167 (11.7) | 15 (4.3) | <0.001 |
 ≥3, n (%) | 31 (2.5) | 24 (1.7) | 1 (0.3) | 0.021 |
 Mean score | 0.71 ± 0.80 | 0.56 ± 0.74 | 0.31 ± 0.56 | <0.001 |