Table 2 Detailed electrocardiographical and imaging characteristics of ECG-positive and ECG-negative ARVC/D patients including Epsilon waves, upslope S-wave, Signal Average ECG measurements (SAECG) including fractional QRS duration (fqrsd), low amplitude signal under 40 microV in the latter part of QRS (LAS40) and root mean square amplitude in the last 40milliseconds (RMS40), repolarization abnormalities and echocardiogram/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including right ventricular end-diastolic volumes (RVEDV)
ARVD/C (n = 155) | ARVD/C ECG-positive (N = 84) | ARVD/C ECG-negative (N = 66) | P-value ECG positive/ negative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ECG: Depolarization | ||||
- Epsilon waves | 13 (8.4%) | 13 (15.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
- upslope S-wave ≥55 ms V1,V2 or V3 | 17 (11.0%) | 17 (20.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
Bundle branch blocks | 22 (14.1%) | 17 (20.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.035 |
SAECG performed (% total) | 63 (40.7%) | 32 (38.1%) | 31 (41.7%) | 0.515 |
- fQRSd ≥114 ms (% of SAECG) | 33 (52.4%) | 17 (53.1%) | 16 (51.6%) | 1.000 |
- LAS40 ≥ 38 ms (% of SAECG) | 31 (49.2%) | 18 (56.3%) | 13 (41.9%) | 0.317 |
- RMS40 ≤ 20 μV (% of SAECG) | 28 (44.4%) | 13 (40.6%) | 15 (48.4%) | 0.616 |
ECG: Repolarization | ||||
- T-wave inversions V1-V3 > 14 years no RBBB | 54 (34.8%) | 54 (64.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
- T-wave inversions V1-V4 with RBBB | 12 (7.7%) | 12 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
- T-wave inversions V1 and V2 or in V4,V5,V6 | 8 (5.2%) | 8 (9.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.008 |
Imaging | ||||
Echocardiograms performed (% total) | 155 (100.0%) | 84 (100.0%) | 66 (100.0%) | 1.000 |
- Regional akinesia/dyskinesia/aneurysm (% echo) | 111 (71.6%) | 65 (77.4%) | 43 (65.2%) | 0.108 |
MRI’s performed (% total) | 124 (80.0%) | 72 (85.7%) | 52 (73.2%) | 0.070 |
- Regional akinesia/dyskinesia/aneurysm (% MRI) | 89 (71.8%) | 58 (80.6%) | 31 (59.6%) | 0.272 |
- RVEDV ≥110 ml/m2 (M), 100 ml/m2 (F) (%MRI) | 65 (52.4%) | 49 (68.1%) | 16 (30.8%) | <0.001 |
- RVEDV ≥100 ml/m2 but <110 ml/m2 (M), ≥90 ml/m2 but <100 ml/m2 (F) (%MRI) | 24 (19.4%) | 10 (11.9%) | 14 (26.9%) | 0.106 |