Table 1 Baseline characteristics of AHF patients according to tertiles of hematocrit change from baseline to discharge or close to day 7
Total | Hemodilution | No change | Hemoconcentration | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔHCT ≤ − 1.6% -1.6% < ΔHCT ≤1.5% ΔHCT >1.5% | |||||
Variables | (n = 510) | (n = 171) | (n = 170) | (n = 169) | P-value |
Demographics | |||||
Age, years | 66.2 ± 14.1 | 66.6 ± 14.0 | 66.4 ± 14.5 | 65.7 ± 13.9 | 0.817 |
Female | 194 (38.0) | 61 (35.7) | 59 (34.7) | 74 (43.8) | 0.167 |
Smoker | 159 (31.2) | 59 (34.5) | 51 (30.0) | 49 (29.0) | 0.505 |
Admission physical examination | |||||
Systolic BP, mm Hg | 132.0 ± 26.3 | 133.6 ± 27.8 | 131.2 ± 27.1 | 131.1 ± 23.7 | 0.602 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 78.5 ± 15.7 | 77.5 ± 15.4 | 77.4 ± 16.3 | 80.6 ± 15.4 | 0.109 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 88.0 (73.8–100.0) | 88.0 (75.0–100.0) | 84.0 (72.0–96.0) | 90.0 (75.0–111.0) | 0.010 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0 ± 4.0 | 22.9 ± 4.3 | 22.7 ± 3.8 | 23.4 ± 3.8 | 0.240 |
NYHA class IV | 155 (76.5) | 42 (69.6) | 53 (72.9) | 60 (87.0) | 0.087 |
Echocardiography data | |||||
LVEDD, mm | 52.5 ± 10.5 | 50.3 ± 10.1 | 52.3 ± 10.5 | 55.1 ± 10.4 | <0.001 |
LVEF, % | 48.6 ± 12.3 | 49.9 ± 11.7 | 49.2 ± 12.3 | 46.6 ± 12.7 | 0.030 |
Laboratory values | |||||
Plasma potassium, mmol/L | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 0.479 |
Serum sodium, mmol/L | 140.0 (137.0–142.0) | 139.0 (136.0–142.0) | 140.0 (136.0–142.0) | 140.0 (138.0–142.5) | 0.026 |
Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 5.5 ± 1.9 | 0.285 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 59.3 (42.2–76.2) | 56.6 (41.3–73.2) | 56.5 (40.1–75.0) | 62.7 (43.8–79.7) | 0.150 |
HsCRP, mg/L | 7.6 (3.0–20.0) | 7.6 (2.6–32.0) | 6.0 (2.3–15.8) | 9.4 (3.8–24.5) | 0.017 |
NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 4115.0 (1601.8–8479.0) | 3462.0 (1357.0–7161.0) | 3638.0 (1484.3–8353.0) | 4731.0 (2153.0–10,455.5) | 0.052 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.6 ± 2.3 | 12.8 ± 2.5 | 12.6 ± 2.3 | 12.5 ± 2.0 | 0.539 |
Hematocrit, % | 38.0 ± 6.3 | 38.5 ± 6.8 | 37.8 ± 6.4 | 37.8 ± 5.8 | 0.462 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.043 |
LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 0.003 |
Medical history | |||||
Hypertensive etiology | 123 (24.1) | 47 (27.5) | 37 (21.8) | 39 (23.1) | 0.433 |
Ischemic heart disease | 201 (39.4) | 71 (41.5) | 76 (44.7) | 54 (32.0) | 0.044 |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 95 (18.6) | 53 (31.0) | 46 (27.1) | 36 (21.3) | 0.126 |
Valvular heart disease | 76 (14.9) | 18 (10.5) | 25 (14.7) | 33 (19.5) | 0.066 |
Diabetes mellitus | 135 (26.5) | 53 (31.0) | 46 (27.1) | 36 (21.3) | 0.126 |
Stroke | 54 (10.6) | 18 (10.5) | 17 (10.0) | 19 (11.2) | 0.933 |
Anemia | 245 (48.0) | 81 (47.4) | 88 (51.8) | 76 (45.0) | 0.446 |
WRF | 81 (18.2) | 31 (21.1) | 31 (20.5) | 19 (13.0) | 0.135 |
Atrial fibrillation | 166 (32.5) | 50 (29.2) | 47 (27.6) | 69 (40.8) | 0.018 |
COPD | 38 (7.5) | 18 (10.5) | 8 (4.7) | 12 (7.1) | 0.120 |
Medications at discharge | |||||
Loop diuretic | 356 (76.1) | 111 (72.1) | 108 (70.6) | 137 (85.1) | 0.004 |
ACE-I/ARB | 307 (65.6) | 95 (61.7) | 105 (68.6) | 107 (66.5) | 0.424 |
Beta-blocker | 259 (55.3) | 89 (57.8) | 83 (54.2) | 87 (54.0) | 0.756 |
Aldosterone antagonist | 346 (73.9) | 103 (66.9) | 111 (72.5) | 132 (82.0) | 0.008 |
Digoxin | 71 (15.2) | 16 (10.4) | 13 (8.5) | 42 (26.1) | <0.001 |