Table 3 Analysis of the independent variables and C-peptide adjusted for fasting time
Hierarchical level | Variables | Analysis 1 | Analysis 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | β | CI95% | n | β | CI95% | ||||
HL I | Income (multiples of minimum wage) | 3660 | 3139 | ||||||
< 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
1.1–3.0 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.10 | 1.03 | 0.96 | 1.09 | |||
3.1–6.0 | 1.14 | 1.06 | 1.23 | 1.12 | 1.03 | 1.22 | |||
> 6.0 | 1.12 | 1.03 | 1.23 | 1.07 | 0.98 | 1.19 | |||
Mother’s education (years) | 3673 | ||||||||
< 4 | 1.00 | ||||||||
5–8 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 1.09 | ||||||
9–11 | 1.09 | 1.00 | 1.18 | ||||||
≥ 12 | 1.05 | 0.97 | 1.13 | ||||||
Mother’s age (years) | 3678 | ||||||||
< 20 | 1.00 | ||||||||
20–29 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 1.07 | ||||||
≥ 30 | 1.01 | 0.94 | 1.09 | ||||||
Mother’s skin color | 3677 | ||||||||
White | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Non-white | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.84 | 0.96 | |||
Neonate sex | 3678 | ||||||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Female | 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.25 | 1.22 | 1.16 | 1.28 | |||
HL II | Maternal smoking | 3678 | |||||||
No | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.06 | ||||||
Maternal weight gain during pregnancy | 3109 | ||||||||
Adequate | 1.00 | ||||||||
Insufficient | 0.99 | 0.93 | 1.05 | ||||||
Excessive | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.09 | ||||||
HL III | Maternal diabetes | 3678 | |||||||
No | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | 0.84 | 0.57 | 1.24 | ||||||
Maternal hypertension | 3675 | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | 1.00 | 0.91 | 1.11 | ||||||
HL IV | Type of childbirth | 3678 | |||||||
Vaginal | 1.00 | ||||||||
Cesarean section | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.06 | ||||||
Intrauterine growth restriction | 3678 | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | 0.98 | 0.91 | 1.06 | ||||||
Birthweight (grams) | 3677 | ||||||||
< 2500 | 1.00 | ||||||||
2500–2999 | 0.99 | 0.90 | 1.10 | ||||||
3000–3499 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 1.10 | ||||||
≥ 3500 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 107 | ||||||
HL V | Breastfeeding (months) | 3560 | |||||||
< 1 | 1.00 | ||||||||
1–2.9 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 109 | ||||||
3–5.9 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.08 | ||||||
≥ 6 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 1.10 | ||||||
Increased weight gain rate (0–2 years old) | 2718 | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.10 | ||||||
Increased weight gain rate (2–4 years old) | 3152 | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
Yes | 1.13 | 1.01 | 1.27 | 1.18 | 1.05 | 1.32 | |||