Aortic stiffening precedes onset of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction

Table 6 Echocardiographic markers of vascular stiffness for diabetic subset

Variable	Group 1: Diabetic HFpEF (n = 43)	Group 2: Diabetic Diastolic Dysfunction (n = 21)	p-value
Arterial Stiffness (mmHg/mL/m²)	2.2 ± 0.6 - (14)	1.7 ± 0.6 - (9)	0.051
Arterial Elastance ± mmHg/mL)	1.9 ± 0.4 - (14)	1.7 ± 0.3 - (9)	0.098
Aortic Strain (%)	6.9 ± 3.3 - (43)	9.7 ± 5.6 - (9)	0.02
Aortic Distensibility (cm²dyne⁻¹10⁻³)	1.8 ± 1.0 - (17)	3.5 ± 2.6 - (14)	0.02

Note: All data expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Group size is listed in parentheses

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