Table 4 The detailed characteristics and clinical course of patients with endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) complications
From: Endomyocardial biopsy via the femoral access - still safe and valuable diagnostic tool
Patient | Sex | Age (years) | NYHA Class on admission | Diagnosis | Type of complication | TTE after EMB | Symptoms of developing complication | Method of complication treatment | Recovery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Male | 28 | IV | Myocarditis | Tamponade | 15 mm of fluid in pericardium | Chest pain, sudden drop in blood pressure, tachycardia | Immediate partial sternotomy, hematoma decompression and suturing of damaged right venticle | II NYHA class at discharge |
2 | Female | 49 | IV | Myxoma in the right ventricular outflow tract | Tamponade | 25 mm of fluid in pericardium | Chest pain, sudden drop in blood pressure, tachycardia | Immediate sternotomy, hematoma decompression, tumor removal | Full |
3 | Male | 32 | II | Pericardial effusion | Pericardial effusion | Up to 6 mm of fluid in pericardium | Without symptoms | Diuretics | Full |
4 | Male | 57 | II | EMB - a year after HTx | Access site hematoma | Without fluid/tricuspid insufficiency | Puncture site pain | Conservative | Full |
5 | Female | 49 | II | EMB −2 months after HTx | Access site hematoma | Without fluid/tricuspid insufficiency | Puncture site pain | Conservative | Full |
6 | Male | 60 | I | EMB – 3 years after HTx | RCA-RV fistula | Diastolic jet to the lumen of RV (the diagnosis was made on the basis of coronarography | Asymptomatic | Conservative -“watchful waiting” | Full |