Table 1 Characteristics of the 2456 study participants

Age, y

51.4 ± 12.7

50.7 ± 12.8

51.5 ± 12.3

53.0 ± 12.1

57.4 ± 12.8

<0.001

male/ female

914/1542

299/315

232/382

231/383

152/462

<0.001

  <24

1049 (57.4 %)

370(60.3 %)

363(59.1 %)

354(57.7 %)

326(53.1 %)

<0.001

 24–28

806(38.8 %)

197(32.0 %)

196(31.9 %)

198(32.2 %)

211(34.4 %)

<0.001

  >28

241 (9.8 %)

47(7.7 %)

55(9.0 %)

62(10.1 %)

77(12.5 %)

<0.001

 SBP, mmHg

129.9 ± 22.9

126.8 ± 22.0

126.9 ± 21.3

129.6 ± 21.7

136.4 ± 25.2

<0.001

 DBP, mmHg

79.2 ± 11.9

77.7 ± 11.8

77.9 ± 11.5

79.7 ± 11.5

81.4 ± 12.4

<0.001

 Normotension

1505 (61.3 %)

424(69.1 %)

421(68.6 %)

374(60.9 %)

286(46.6 %)

<0.001

 Hypertension

951 (38.7 %)

190(30.9 %)

193(31.4 %)

240(39.1 %)

328(53.4 %)

<0.001

eGFR, ml · min⁻¹ · 1.73⁻¹ · m⁻²

106.4 ± 30.2

107.5 ± 29.2

106.7 ± 31.7

106.4 ± 30.7

103.8 ± 30.7

>0.05

Serum glucose, mmol/L

5.23 ± 1.15

5.31 ± 1.13

5.16 ± 1.13

5.16 ± 0.98

5.27 ± 1.41

>0.05

Triglyceride, mmol/L

0.8(0.6,1.2)

0.8(0.6,1.3)

0.8(0.6,1.2)

0.8(0.6,1.2)

0.8(0.6,1.3)

>0.05

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.97 ± 0.99

4.97 ± 1.02

4.93 ± 0.96

4.92 ± 1.03

5.02 ± 1.04

>0.05

HDL- cholesterol, mmol/L

1.22 ± 0.34

1.20 ± 0.32

1.21 ± 0.34

1.23 ± 0.34

1.22 ± 0.34

>0.05

LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

2.73 ± 0.86

2.71 ± 0.90

2.74 ± 0.83

2.70 ± 0.87

2.79 ± 0.91

>0.05

Sodium excretion, g

10.95 ± 2.72

8.2 ± 2.5

15.1 ± 1.9

22.3 ± 2.5

40.6 ± 14.5

<0.001

UACR, mg/g

10.6(4.7,23.9)

6.2(2.9,12.5)

8.6(4.0,17.7)

11.9(5.8,22.8)

22.5(10.3,43.0)

<0.001

CRAE, um

133.3 ± 11.1

134.7 ± 10.9

133.4 ± 11.2

133.4 ± 10.9

131.5 ± 11.2

<0.001