| total (n = 494) | no AKI (n = 349) | AKI |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class R (n = 83) | Class I (n = 36) | Class F (n = 26) | P value | |||
Age (years old) | 71 (62–79) | 71 (62–80) | 71 (64–79) | 67 (62–76) | 78 (69–81) | 0.092 |
Gender (male, %) | 336 (68.0Â %) | 237 (67.9Â %) | 56 (67.5Â %) | 28 (77.8Â %) | 15 (57.7Â %) | Â |
Etiology | ||||||
 Acute Heart Failure (yes) | 242 (49.0 %) | 186 (53.3 %) | 37 (44.6 %) | 12 (33.3 %) | 7 (26.9 %) | 0.008 |
 Acute Aortic Dissection (yes) | 48 (9.7 %) | 34 (9.7 %) | 11 (13.3 %) | 3 (8.3 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 0.255 |
 Pulmonary Thromboembolism (yes) | 21 (4.3 %) | 17 (4.9 %) | 3 (3.6 %) | 1 (2.8 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 0.624 |
 Arrhythmia (yes) | 65 (13.2 %) | 38 (10.9 %) | 14 (16.9 %) | 7 (19.4 %) | 6 (23.1 %) | 0.109 |
 Coronary Spasms (yes) | 22 (4.5 %) | 21 (6.0 %) | 1 (1.2 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 0.073 |
 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (yes) | 13 (2.6 %) | 10 (2.9 %) | 1 (1.2 %) | 1 (2.8 %) | 1 (3.4 %) | 0.829 |
 Infectious disease (yes) | 32 (6.5 %) | 9 (2.6 %) | 9 (10.8 %) | 7 (19.4 %) | 7 (26.9 %) | <0.001 |
 Other Intensive Care disease (yes) | 36 (7.3 %) | 20 (5.7 %) | 6 (7.2 %) | 5 (13.9 %) | 5 (19.2 %) | 0.028 |
Past medical history | ||||||
 Chronic Kidney Disease (yes) | 211 (42.7 %) | 159 (45.6 %) | 31 (37.3 %) | 12 (33.3 %) | 9 (34.6 %) | 0.249 |
 Hypertension (yes) | 360 (72.9 %) | 260 (74.5 %) | 55 (66.3 %) | 25 (69.4 %) | 20 (76.9 %) | 0.435 |
 Diabetes mellitus (yes) | 174 (35.2 %) | 115 (33.0 %) | 36 (43.4 %) | 9 (25.0 %) | 14 (53.8 %) | 0.032 |
 Dyslipidemia (yes) | 234 (47.4 %) | 170 (48.7 %) | 40 (48.2 %) | 14 (38.9 %) | 10 (38.5 %) | 0.544 |
Vital signs and status | ||||||
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 147 (116–174) | 156 (129–182) | 137 (101–164) | 115 (103–133) | 107 (87–128) | <0.001 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (64–100) | 84 (70–101) | 74 (60–91) | 64 (52–74) | 55 (44–70) | <0.001 |
 Pulse Rate (beats/min) | 98 (75–119) | 100 (78–120) | 92 (67–115) | 97 (66–110) | 83 (59–120) | 0.141 |
 Respiratory Rate (beats/min) | 25 (20–32) | 25 (20–32) | 24 (17–34) | 21 (18–27) | 20 (15–26) | 0.050 |
 Body Temperature (°C) | 36.3 (35.7–36.8) | 36.3 (35.8–36.7) | 36.3 (35.5–36.8) | 36.7 (36.2–37.3) | 36.6 (35.9–37.5) | 0.006 |
 Body Mass Index (%) | 22.9 (20.3–25.4) | 23.1 (20.4–25.8) | 23.0 (21.0–25.2) | 21.7 (19.8–23.8) | 22.7 (19.0–25.1) | 0.094 |
 LVEF (%) | 50 (32–65) | 50 (35–64) | 47 (29–65) | 45 (29–69) | 50 (45–65) | 0.466 |
Arterial blood gas | ||||||
 pH | 7.40 (7.28–7.44) | 7.40 (7.29–7.44) | 7.37 (7.20–7.42) | 7.40 (7.31–7.46) | 7.35 (7.27–7.42) | 0.052 |
 PCO2 (mmHg) | 38 (33–48) | 39 (34–48) | 36 (33–53) | 32 (27–40) | 34 (30–43) | <0.001 |
 PO2 (mmHg) | 101 (73–156) | 100 (72–149) | 112 (73–181) | 116 (80–162) | 81 (68–128) | 0.249 |
 HCO3 - (mmol/l) | 22.4 (19.2–24.9) | 23.1 (20.6–25.1) | 20.4 (17.8–24.3) | 20.2 (15.5–23.5) | 18.8 (14.7–23.0) | <0.001 |
 SaO2 (%) | 97 (94–99) | 97 (94–99) | 97 (94–99) | 98 (96–99) | 96 (93–98) | 0.243 |
 Lactate (mmol/l) | 1.7 (1.1–3.3) | 1.5 (1.1–2.6) | 2.7 (1.4–6.1) | 2.0 (1.1–8.4) | 2.4 (1.2–7.4) | <0.001 |
Laboratory data | ||||||
 WBC (U/l) | 9,630 (7,000–12,590) | 9,245 (6,868–12,018) | 10,250 (7,915–13,630) | 10,800 (7,810–14,710) | 8,370 (6,678–13,405) | 0.018 |
 Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.6 (10.7–14.3) | 12.7 (11.1–14.4) | 13.4 (10.8–14.7) | 11.3 (9.4–12.7) | 9.7 (8.5–11.9) | <0.001 |
 BUN (mg/dl) | 22.4 (16.5–33.3) | 19.9 (15.9–28.2) | 24.9 (18.3–33.2) | 39.3 (23.8–51.1) | 55.6 (46.5–83.1) | <0.001 |
 Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.10 (0.82–1.69) | 0.99 (0.75–1.35) | 1.23 (1.00–1.53) | 1.74 (1.12–2.16) | 3.27 (2.20–4.84) | <0.001 |
 Sodium (mmol/l) | 140 (137–142) | 140 (138–142) | 139 (136–142) | 137 (133–142) | 139 (136–142) | 0.007 |
 Potassium (mmol/l) | 4.1 (3.8-4.7) | 4.0 (3.7-4.5) | 4.3 (3.9-4.9) | 4.5 (3.8-5.5) | 4.9 (3.9-6.5) | <0.001 |
 BS (mg/dl) | 157 (122–235) | 154 (119–233) | 174 (144–303) | 143 (124–242) | 130 (97–174) | <0.001 |
 CRP (mg/dl) | 0.61 (0.11–3.17) | 0.41 (0.09–1.27) | 0.99 (0.14–5.88) | 3.34 (0.83–9.08) | 3.51 (0.42–8.17) | <0.001 |
 Uric Acid (mg/dl) | 6.8 (5.2–8.2) | 6.4 (5.1–7.6) | 8.2 (6.1–9.2) | 7.4 (6.7–9.9) | 8.4 (6.0–11.8) | <0.001 |
 BNP (pg/ml) | 431 (95–951) | 426 (76–901) | 389 (157–750) | 691 (139–2007) | 437 (263–1231) | 0.090 |
 hs-TropT (ng/ml) | 0.05 (0.02–0.12) | 0.04 (0.02–0.09) | 0.05 (0.02–0.18) | 0.07 (0.05–0.38) | 0.08 (0.05–0.14) | <0.001 |
 Nt-proBNP (pg/ml) | 2,550 (633–8,653) | 2,333 (378–6,753) | 2,746 (924–7,958) | 6,975 (1,946–47,228) | 10,959 (2,686–23,400) | <0.001 |
 H-FABP (ng/ml) | 11.7 (6.2–27.8) | 8.8 (5.4–17.7) | 21.1 (10.2–47.9) | 41.5 (16.7–71.6) | 79.2 (29.9–200.3) | <0.001 |
Mechanical Support (cases) during the ICU stay | ||||||
 NPPV (yes, %) | 209 (42.3 %) | 161 (46.1 %) | 35 (42.2 %) | 10 (27.8 %) | 3 (11.5 %) | 0.002 |
 ETI (yes, %) | 121 (24.5 %) | 53 (15.2 %) | 36 (43.4 %) | 18 (50.0 %) | 14 (53.8 %) | <0.001 |
 Pacing (yes, %) | 37 (7.5 %) | 20 (5.7 %) | 8 (9.6 %) | 6 (16.7 %) | 3 (11.5 %) | 0.069 |
 IABP (yes, %) | 26 (5.3 %) | 9 (2.6 %) | 10 (12.0 %) | 5 (13.9 %) | 2 (7.7 %) | <0.001 |
 PCPS (yes, %) | 17 (3.4 %) | 5 (1.4 %) | 7 (8.4 %) | 3 (8.3 %) | 2 (7.7 %) | 0.002 |
 CHDF (yes, %) | 60 (12.1 %) | 15 (4.3 %) | 11 (13.3 %) | 17 (47.2 %) | 17 (65.4 %) | <0.001 |