Table 1 Patient demographic and clinical characteristics
All (n =100) | Intervention group (n = 51) | Control group (n = 49) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | |||
Age (years) | 70.2 ± 12.2 | 68.7 ± 11.8 | 71.8 ± 12.6 |
Male | 36 (36) | 24 (47.1) | 12 (24.5) |
Education (years) | 12.9 ± 2.3 | 13 ± 2.4 | 12.8 ± 2.1 |
Caucasian | 95 (95) | 48 (94.1) | 47 (95.9) |
Married/living with partner | 50 (50) | 31 (60.8) | 19 (38.8) |
Currently employed outside home | 29 (29) | 16 (30.8) | 13 (26.5) |
Annual family income (< $30,000) | 51 (51) | 24 (47.10) | 27 (55.1) |
Risk factor profile | |||
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 32.3 ± 7.1 | 33.4 ± 7.4 | 31.2 ± 6.8 |
Clinical data | |||
Number of comorbidities | 8 ± 2.6 | 7.8 ± 2.5 | 8.0 ± 2.7 |
1.Hypertension | 99 (99) | 51 (100.0) | 48 (98.0) |
2.Coronary artery disease | 94 (94) | 46 (90.2) | 48 (98) |
3.Arthritis degenerative joint disease | 89 (89) | 43 (84.3) | 44 (89.8) |
4.Hypercholesterolemia | 84 (84) | 43 (84.3) | 41 (83.7) |
5.Diabetes mellitus with or without complications | 41 (41) | 41 (80.4) | 33 (67.4) |
6.Dyspepsia | 50 (50) | 24 (47.1) | 26 (53.1) |
7.Peripheral vascular disease or lower extremity edema | 45 (45) | 22 (43.1) | 23 (46.9) |
8.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 38 (38) | 22 (43.1) | 16 (32.7) |
9.Chronic renal disease | 23 (23) | 12 (23.5) | 11 (22.4) |
Number of medications taking per day | 16.2 (±8.8) | 16.4 ± 10.0 | 15.9 ± 7.4 |
Beta blockers | 50 (50) | 27 (52.9) | 23 (46.9) |
ACE inhibitors | 35 (35) | 16 (31.4) | 19 (38.8) |
Angiotensin receptor blocker | 18 (18) | 8 (15.7) | 10 (20.4) |
Previous hospitalizations within 1 year (≥1) | 43 (43) | 22 (43.2) | 21 (42.8) |
Previous ED visits within 1 year (≥1) | 60 (60) | 30 (58.9) | 30 (61.2) |
Cardiac function | |||
Functional class (NYHA) | |||
•II | 49 (49) | 15 (29.4) | 34 (69.4) |
•III | 42 (42) | 29 (56.9) | 13 (26.5) |
Ejection fractiona | 55.7 ± 11.1 | 53.4 ± 12.9 | 58.3 ± 8.1 |
Ejection fraction < 50 %a | 16 (16) | 12 (23.5) | 4 (8.2) |
Main outcome: Patient Activation Measure (PAM) level | |||
1.Starting to take a role | 39 (39) | 19 (37.3) | 20 (40.8) |
2.Building knowledge, skills and confidence | 23 (23) | 9 (17.6) | 14 (28.6) |
3.Taking action | 18 (18) | 13 (25.5) | 5 (10.2) |
4.Maintaining behaviors | 19 (19) | 10 (19.6) | 9 (18.4) |