Table 2 Baseline clinical characteristics according to gender

Age (years)

63.6 ± 11.1

67.5 ± 11.5

<0.01^a

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.5 ± 3.2

24.0 ± 4.3

0.02^a

Hypertension

72.6 %

75.1 %

0.36

Diabetes mellitus

41.5 %

31.4 %

<0.01^a

Dyslipidemia

70.5 %

70.1 %

0.89

Family history of ischemic heart disease

20.0 %

13.2 %

<0.01^a

Smoking

53.6 %

47.6 %

<0.01^a

History of coronary revascularization (PCI or CABG)

31.2 %

15.6 %

<0.01^a

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

187.1 ± 34.8

202.7 ± 36.8

<0.01^a

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

151.8 ± 99.9

130.3 ± 77.6

<0.01^a

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)

109.8 ± 30.3

115.6 ± 32.2

<0.01^a

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)

48.8 ± 14.3

61.3 ± 19.4

<0.01^a

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

6.3 ± 1.1

6.1 ± 1.0

0.02^a

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

0.93 ± 0.29

0.71 ± 0.23

<0.01^a

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m²)

68.8 ± 17.4

68.4 ± 18.7

0.72

EPA (μg/dl)

73.7 ± 43.2

74.4 ± 47.0

0.76

EPA/AA

0.50 ± 0.31

0.46 ± 0.29

0.01^a

DHA (μg/dl)

141.8 ± 52.5

149.0 ± 53.2

0.01^a

DHA/AA

0.96 ± 0.40

0.92 ± 0.33

0.06

DGLA (μg/dl)

32.7 ± 12.5

35.0 ± 11.5

<0.01^a

AA (μg/dl)

154.4 ± 51.3

167.8 ± 41.3

<0.01^a

Statins

53.0 %

53.2 %

0.95

Antiplatelet agents

67.9 %

44.7 %

<0.01^a

Renin angiotensin system inhibitors (ACE-I and ARB)

50.7 %

50.6 %

1.00

Calcium channel blockers

44.4 %

50.1 %

0.04^a

Beta blockers

41.7 %

27.8 %

<0.01^a

Hypoglycemic agents

22.0 %

17.9 %

0.08