Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory data

Age (years)

64.5 ± 11.3

67.1 ± 9.2

61.8 ± 12.5

<0.01^a

Male

77.8 %

79.4 %

76.2 %

0.11

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.4 ± 3.5

24.4 ± 3.1

24.4 ± 3.8

0.97

Hypertension

73.1 %

75.7 %

70.6 %

0.01^a

Diabetes mellitus

39.2 %

39.8 %

38.7 %

0.63

Dyslipidemia

70.4 %

70.6 %

70.2 %

0.86

Family history of ischemic heart disease

18.5 %

19.1 %

17.9 %

0.50

Smoking

45.1 %

47.6 %

42.5 %

0.03^a

History of coronary revascularization (PCI or CABG)

27.7 %

26.8 %

28.6 %

0.38

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

190.7 ± 35.8

190.7 ± 34.2

190.7 ± 37.4

0.98

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

146.8 ± 95.5

155.4 ± 100.2

138.4 ± 90.1

<0.01^a

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)

111.2 ± 30.8

111.1 ± 29.9

111.2 ± 31.8

0.94

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)

51.7 ± 16.5

50.0 ± 15.1

53.4 ± 17.6

<0.01^a

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

6.3 ± 1.1

6.2 ± 0.9

6.3 ± 1.2

0.44

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

0.88 ± 0.29

0.88 ± 0.27

0.87 ± 0.31

0.41

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m²)

68.7 ± 17.7

67.0 ± 16.4

70.2 ± 18.7

<0.01^a

EPA (μg/dl)

73.9 ± 44.0

93.5 ± 47.9

54.2 ± 28.5

<0.01^a

EPA/AA

<0.01^a

 Mean

0.49 ± 0.30

0.66 ± 0.32

0.32 ± 0.17

 Median

0.425

0.588

0.290

DHA (μg/dl)

143.4 ± 52.8

170.9 ± 53.0

115.9 ± 35.3

<0.01^a

DHA/AA

<0.01^a

 Mean

0.95 ± 0.38

1.22 ± 0.36

0.68 ± 0.15

 Median

0.903

1.143

0.706

DGLA (μg/dl)

33.2 ± 12.3

30.8 ± 11.5

35.6 ± 12.6

<0.01^a

AA (μg/dl)

157.4 ± 49.5

142.1 ± 33.8

172.8 ± 57.4

<0.01^a

Statins

53.1 %

48.7 %

57.5 %

<0.01^a

Antiplatelet agents

62.7 %

67.5 %

58.0 %

<0.01^a

Renin angiotensin system inhibitor (ACE-I and ARB)

50.7 %

50.1 %

51.4 %

0.59

Calcium channel blockers

45.6 %

47.8 %

43.5 %

0.08

Beta blockers

38.6 %

39.6 %

37.6 %

0.43

Hypoglycemic agents

21.1 %

21.0 %

21.1 %

0.95