Table 4 Characteristics of included observational studies
Study | Study design | Data source | Countries involved | Funding | Total number of patients | Follow up (years) | Male (n, %) | Mean age (years) | Mean BMI (kg/m2) | Mean HbA1c (%) | Mean FPG (mmol/L) | Mean diabetes duration (years) | CVD at baseline |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies reporting heart failure | |||||||||||||
 NCT01060059 2013 [66] | Prospective cohort study | Real world data | Italy | Private for-profit funding | 882 | 1 | 493 (55.9) | 62.5 | NR | 8.9 | NR | NR | NR |
 Kannan 2015 [17]a | Retrospective cohort study | Electronic health records | U.S. | No funding | 13,185 | 4b | 7827 (54.6) | 60.6 | 32.6c | NR | NR | NR | Included patients had no history of CVD or congestive heart failure at baseline |
 Paul 2015 [18] | Retrospective cohort study | Claims data | U.S. | NR | 39,225 | 3.5b | 18093 (46.1) | 58.2 | 35.3 | 7.9 | NR | 1.3 | Included patients had CVD or no CVD at baseline |
Studies reporting hospitalization for heart failure | |||||||||||||
 Yu 2015 [19]a | Nested case–control study | Electronic medical records | UK | Public funding | 57,737 | NA | 32795 (56.8) | 61.6 | NR | NR | NR | 2.3 | Included patients had CVD or no CVD at baseline |