Table 3 QoL life scores assessed by Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)

Physical functioning

89.4 ± 13.1

70.7 ± 22.1

88.6 ± 19.3

82.5 ± 18.0

  p-value

Y > M

0.049

Y > O

0.0003

R > O

0.001

Role physical

78.1 ± 33.3

55.9 ± 42.7

86.9 ± 25.1

68.3 ± 39.6

  p-value

Y > O

0.015

R > O

0.002

Bodily pain

83.9 ± 22.6

71.1 ± 27.5

89.2 ± 17.3

78.2 ± 19.0

  p-value

M > O

0.044

R > M

0.023

R > O

0.022

General health

71.4 ± 17.9

55.9 ± 18.6

71.2 ± 22.7

53.5 ± 18.7

  p-value

Y > O

0.003

Y > M

0.002

R > O

0.005

R > M

0.013

Vitality

62.4 ± 19.7

54.9 ± 15.8

62.9 ± 16.1

54.8 ± 20.4

  p-value

Y > O

0.015

R > O

0.006

R > M

0.046

Social functioning

83.3 ± 22.6

74.3 ± 21.1

88.1 ± 21.3

77.4 ± 23.0

  p-value

Y > O

0.026

R > O

0.004

Role emotional

83.3 ± 31.9

65.7 ± 40.5

85.7 ± 28.3

73.1 ± 32.1

 N.S.

Mental health

72.4 ± 18.6

70.1 ± 16.9

74.3 ± 16.0

65.8 ± 17.1

 N.S.