Table 2 Multivariable analysis of the association between earlobe crease and selected cardiovascular risk factors, CoLaus study, Lausanne, 2009–2012
Adjusted for | Age and gender | Age, gender and body mass index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earlobe crease | Absence (n = 3829) | Presence (n = 806) | P-value | Absence (n = 3829) | Presence (n = 806) | P-value |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 0.1 | 27.0 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
Abdominal obesity | 1 (ref.) | 1.20 (1.02; 1.42) | <0.05 | 1 (ref.) | 0.85 (0.66; 1.09) | 0.19 |
Smoking status | ||||||
 Never | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 Former | 1 (ref.) | 1.17 (0.98; 1.40) | 0.08 | 1 (ref.) | 1.15 (0.96; 1.37) | 0.14 |
 Current | 1 (ref.) | 1.11 (0.89; 1.38) | 0.34 | 1 (ref.) | 1.16 (0.93; 1.45) | 0.18 |
Blood pressure status | ||||||
 SBP (mm Hg)a | 126 ± 1 | 126 ± 1 | 0.43 | 126 ± 1 | 126 ± 1 | 0.89 |
 DBP (mm Hg)a | 78 ± 1 | 79 ± 1 | 0.11 | 78 ± 1 | 78 ± 1 | 0.53 |
 Hypertension | 1 (ref.) | 1.41 (1.18; 1.67) | <0.001 | 1 (ref.) | 1.30 (1.08; 1.56) | <0.01 |
Lipids (mmol/L)b | ||||||
 Total cholesterol | 5.70 ± 0.02 | 5.68 ± 0.04 | 0.69 | 5.70 ± 0.02 | 5.68 ± 0.04 | 0.53 |
 LDL cholesterol | 3.45 ± 0.01 | 3.45 ± 0.03 | 0.94 | 3.45 ± 0.01 | 3.43 ± 0.03 | 0.57 |
 HDL cholesterol | 1.64 ± 0.01 | 1.61 ± 0.02 | 0.05 | 1.64 ± 0.01 | 1.64 ± 0.01 | 0.93 |
 Triglycerides | 1.36 ± 0.01 | 1.40 ± 0.03 | 0.05* | 1.36 ± 0.01 | 1.36 ± 0.03 | 0.65* |
Glycaemic status | ||||||
 Glucose (mmol/L)c | 5.88 ± 0.02 | 5.96 ± 0.04 | 0.06 | 5.88 ± 0.02 | 5.92 ± 0.04 | 0.36 |
 Insulin (μIU/mL)c | 8.3 ± 0.1 | 8.8 ± 0.2 | 0.01* | 8.3 ± 0.1 | 8.4 ± 0.2 | 0.78* |
 HOMA-IRc | 2.29 ± 0.04 | 2.47 ± 0.09 | 0.07 | 2.30 ± 0.04 | 2.33 ± 0.08 | 0.72 |
 Diabetes | 1 (ref.) | 1.43 (1.15; 1.79) | <0.01 | 1 (ref.) | 1.25 (0.99; 1.59) | 0.07 |
 High HOMA-IR | 1 (ref.) | 1.19 (1.00; 1.42) | <0.05 | 1 (ref.) | 0.95 (0.78; 1.16) | 0.62 |
Metabolic syndrome | 1 (ref.) | 1.28 (1.08; 1.51) | <0.01 | 1 (ref.) | 1.03 (0.84; 1.26) | 0.79 |