Table 3 Echocardiographic characteristics of the study population
No VHD (n = 92) | Mild VHD (n = 367) | Moderate-to-severe VHD (n = 97) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LV morphology and function | ||||
LVEF (%) | 55 ± 3 | 55 ± 5 | 55 ± 3 | 0.60 |
LVEF < 50 %, n (%) | 4 (4 %) | 26 (7 %) | 2 (2 %) | 0.14 |
LV mass (g/m2) | 86 ± 21 | 92 ± 23 | 98 ± 27 | 0.002 |
LVH, n (%) | 10 (11 %) | 57 (16 %) | 18 (19 %) | 0.33 |
Indexed LAV (mL/m2) | 30 ± 9 | 32 ± 10 | 39 ± 12 | <0.001 |
Indexed LAV > 34 mL/m2, n (%) | 23 (25 %) | 145 (40 %) | 62 (65 %) | <0.001 |
Stroke volume (mL/beat) | 68 ± 19 | 70 ± 16 | 68 ± 14 | 0.48 |
RWMA, n (%) | 13 (14 %) | 43 (12 %) | 7 (7 %) | 0.30 |
LV diastolic filling | ||||
E/A ratio | 0.87 ± 0.44 | 0.92 ± 0.48 | 1.07 ± 0.58 | 0.027 |
E/A ratio ≥ 1.5, n (%) | 6 (7 %) | 31 (9 %) | 14 (19 %) | 0.013 |
E/e’ ratio | 10.7 ± 3.1 | 11.6 ± 4.0 | 13.5 ± 4.2 | <0.001 |
E/e’ ratio ≥ 13, n (%) | 23 (25 %) | 102 (28 %) | 41 (53 %) | <0.001 |
Deceleration time (ms) | 178 ± 41 | 178 ± 44 | 174 ± 51 | 0.74 |
Deceleration time < 160 ms, n (%) | 29 (32 %) | 115 (32 %) | 35 (48 %) | 0.028 |
Vp (cm/s) | 58 ± 17 | 56 ± 16 | 52 ± 22 | 0.12 |
Vp < 45 cm/s, n (%) | 23 (25 %) | 114 (32 %) | 35 (48 %) | 0.006 |