Skip to main content

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the participants according to blood pressure variability

From: Blood pressure variability and its association with echocardiographic parameters in hypertensive diabetic patients

Characteristics

Total sample

Low variability

High variability

P

(n = 305)

(n = 148)

(n = 157)

Age

57.3 ± 6.2

57.9 ± 6.4

57.5 ± 6.0

0.565

Female gender

196 (64.3)

99 (66.9)

97 (61.8)

0.354

Caucasian

207 (68.3)

99 (66.9)

110 (70.1)

0.334

Duration of diabetes (years)

10 (5 – 16)

10 (5 – 16)

10 (5 – 17)

0.466

Weight

78.3 ± 12.8

79.6 ± 13.6

77.3 ± 12.1

0.116

BMI (kg/m2)

30.1 ± 3.8

30.7 ± 3.9

29.6 ± 3.7

0.013

Waist circumference

102 ± 9

103 ± 10

101 ± 91

0.203

Neck circumference

38.5 ± 3.5

38.5 ± 3.3

38.6 ± 3.7

0.874

Smoking

 

 No

163 (33.4)

81 (55.9)

82 (52.2)

0.803

 Yes

38 (12.6)

18 (12.4)

20 (12.7)

 Former

101 (54)

46 (31.7)

55 (35.0)

With any previous cardiovascular comorbiditya

70 (23)

31 (20.9)

39 (24.8)

0.404

Abnormal albuminuriab

88 (28.9)

43 (29.0)

45 (28.7)

0.520

Myocardial infarction

38 (12.6)

16 (11.0)

22 (14.1)

0.410

Coronary artery bypass grafting

13 (4.3)

4 (2.8)

9 (5.8)

0.199

PCI

25 (8.3)

9 (6.3)

16 (10.3)

0.210

Heart failure

26 (8.7)

15 (10.3)

11 (7.1)

0.318

Stroke

28 (9.5)

19 (13.5)

9 (5.8)

0.024

Medications

Insulin

143 (47.2)

58 (39.5)

85 (54.5)

0.009

1 Antihypertensive drug

50 (16.4)

22 (14.9)

28 (17.8)

0.537

2 Antihypertensive drug

87 (28.5)

38 (25.7)

49 (31.2)

0.311

≥3 Antihypertensive drug

168 (55.1)

88 (59.5)

80 (51)

0.167

Antiplatelet

199 (65.9)

101 (68.7)

98 (63.2)

0.315

Statins

210 (69.8)

113 (76.9)

97 (63)

0.009

Laboratory characteristics

HbA1c (%)

8.2 ± 1.9

8.2 ± 1.9

8.3 ± 1.9

0.743

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

159.3 ± 72.4

162.2 ± 74.8

156.7 ± 70.4

0.533

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

178.8 ± 42.4

176.6 ± 38.7

180.7 ± 45.6

0.426

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

41.9 ± 11.8

42.1 ± 12.3

41.8 ± 11.4

0.793

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

155 (103.8 – 234)

152 (103 – 216)

163 (104 – 248)

0.534

GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

90.4 ± 26.8

89.1 ± 26.4

91.7 ± 27.2

0.401

  1. The comparison groups were defined by the median of time-rate index of 24 h systolic BP and classified as low and high variability of time-rate index: values ≤ 0.54 or ≥ 0.55, respectively
  2. BMI body mass index; PCI percutaneous coronary intervention; GFR estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by the MDRD equation; BP: blood pressure
  3. aWith previous cardiovascular comorbidity = when reported at least one previous cardiovascular disease (Myocardial infarction; Coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI; Heart failure; Stroke)
  4. bAbnormal albuminuria, defined by albuminuria >17 mg/L
  5. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range (p25-p75)). Categorical variables are expressed as number (%). Comparisons (low variability vs. high variability) were tested by Pearson’s χ 2 test, Student t test and Mann–Whitney test
Back to article page

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

Contact us