Age
|
57.3 ± 6.2
|
57.9 ± 6.4
|
57.5 ± 6.0
|
0.565
|
Female gender
|
196 (64.3)
|
99 (66.9)
|
97 (61.8)
|
0.354
|
Caucasian
|
207 (68.3)
|
99 (66.9)
|
110 (70.1)
|
0.334
|
Duration of diabetes (years)
|
10 (5 – 16)
|
10 (5 – 16)
|
10 (5 – 17)
|
0.466
|
Weight
|
78.3 ± 12.8
|
79.6 ± 13.6
|
77.3 ± 12.1
|
0.116
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
30.1 ± 3.8
|
30.7 ± 3.9
|
29.6 ± 3.7
|
0.013
|
Waist circumference
|
102 ± 9
|
103 ± 10
|
101 ± 91
|
0.203
|
Neck circumference
|
38.5 ± 3.5
|
38.5 ± 3.3
|
38.6 ± 3.7
|
0.874
|
Smoking
| |
No
|
163 (33.4)
|
81 (55.9)
|
82 (52.2)
|
0.803
|
Yes
|
38 (12.6)
|
18 (12.4)
|
20 (12.7)
|
Former
|
101 (54)
|
46 (31.7)
|
55 (35.0)
|
With any previous cardiovascular comorbiditya
|
70 (23)
|
31 (20.9)
|
39 (24.8)
|
0.404
|
Abnormal albuminuriab
|
88 (28.9)
|
43 (29.0)
|
45 (28.7)
|
0.520
|
Myocardial infarction
|
38 (12.6)
|
16 (11.0)
|
22 (14.1)
|
0.410
|
Coronary artery bypass grafting
|
13 (4.3)
|
4 (2.8)
|
9 (5.8)
|
0.199
|
PCI
|
25 (8.3)
|
9 (6.3)
|
16 (10.3)
|
0.210
|
Heart failure
|
26 (8.7)
|
15 (10.3)
|
11 (7.1)
|
0.318
|
Stroke
|
28 (9.5)
|
19 (13.5)
|
9 (5.8)
|
0.024
|
Medications
|
Insulin
|
143 (47.2)
|
58 (39.5)
|
85 (54.5)
|
0.009
|
1 Antihypertensive drug
|
50 (16.4)
|
22 (14.9)
|
28 (17.8)
|
0.537
|
2 Antihypertensive drug
|
87 (28.5)
|
38 (25.7)
|
49 (31.2)
|
0.311
|
≥3 Antihypertensive drug
|
168 (55.1)
|
88 (59.5)
|
80 (51)
|
0.167
|
Antiplatelet
|
199 (65.9)
|
101 (68.7)
|
98 (63.2)
|
0.315
|
Statins
|
210 (69.8)
|
113 (76.9)
|
97 (63)
|
0.009
|
Laboratory characteristics
|
HbA1c (%)
|
8.2 ± 1.9
|
8.2 ± 1.9
|
8.3 ± 1.9
|
0.743
|
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)
|
159.3 ± 72.4
|
162.2 ± 74.8
|
156.7 ± 70.4
|
0.533
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
178.8 ± 42.4
|
176.6 ± 38.7
|
180.7 ± 45.6
|
0.426
|
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
41.9 ± 11.8
|
42.1 ± 12.3
|
41.8 ± 11.4
|
0.793
|
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
|
155 (103.8 – 234)
|
152 (103 – 216)
|
163 (104 – 248)
|
0.534
|
GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
|
90.4 ± 26.8
|
89.1 ± 26.4
|
91.7 ± 27.2
|
0.401
|