Incidence of peripheral arterial disease in the ARTPER population cohort after 5 years of follow-up

Table 3 Risk factors associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Analysis adjusted by age, gender and baseline ankle-brachial index (ABI)

Baseline variables^a	HR	CI 95 %	p
Men	1.81	1.20–2.71	0.011
Age (by year)	1.04	1.01–1.06	0.006
Education level
Illiterate	1.00
Primary education	0.71	0.32–1.57	0.288
Secondary education or University	0.85	0.35–2.07	0.385
Smoking habit
Never smoker	1.00
Former smoker	2.69	1.45–5.01	0.002
Current smoker	3.78	2.01–7.11	0.000
Physical activity in leisure time^b (mean, SD)	0.97	0.90–1.05	0.498
Physical activity limitations
None	1.00
Moderate	2.03	1.20–3.42	0.008
Can only do light activities or any activity causes breathlessness	2.55	1.31–4.97	0.006
Body mass index (Kg/m²) (mean, SD)	1.03	0.98–1.07	0.234
Central obesity^c	1.10	0.70–1.73	0.690
Morbidity (clinical record)
Hypertension	1.71	1.09–2.67	0.018
Hypercholesterolemia	0.98	0.65–1.47	0.905
Diabetes	1.73	1.06–2.84	0.028
High LDL (>130 mg/dl)	0.89	0.59–1.34	0.577
Low HDL (<40 mg/dl men, <50 mg/dl women)	1.82	1.17–2.82	0.008
High triglycerides (>150 mg/dl)	1.05	0.66–1.65	0.846
Atherogenic dyslipidaemia	1.11	0.58–2.12	0.742

^aMissing values (withoutPAD + with PAD): education level (101 + 4), physical activity in leisure time (424 + 20), physical activity limitations (19 + 1), body mass index (2 + 0), central obesity (11 + 0), hypertension (28 + 3), hypercholesterolemia (51 + 1), LDL (20 + 0), triglycerides (22 + 0), atherogenic dyslipidaemia (1 + 0)
^bExpressed in thousands of METS spent in 14 days doing sporting activities, walking, gardening, walking up stairs, housecleaning and shopping by foot
^cCentral obesity if the circumference of the hip ≥102 (men) or ≥88 (women)

ISSN: 1471-2261