Associations between risk factors in childhood (12–13 years) and adulthood (48–49 years) and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Kaunas Cardiovascular Risk Cohort Study

Table 3 Associations between pulse wave velocity and variables measured in childhood and adulthood

Variable	Men			Women
Variable	β	95 % CI	P value	β	95 % CI	P value
Model 1
Childhood systolic BP, mm Hg (for a 1-SD change)	0.221	−0.190;0.631	0.290	−0.076	−0.318;0.166	0.537
Childhood BMI kg/m²	0.054	−0.070;0.177	0.391	0.028	−0.064;0.121	0.544
Sexual maturity score	0.079	−0.184;0.342	0.553	0.102	0.015;0.188	0.022
R²	0.024			0.046
Model 2
Childhood systolic BP, mm Hg (for a 1-SD change)	0.045	−0.372;0.462	0.832	−0.165	−0.409;0.079	0.184
Childhood BMI kg/m²	0.069	−0.067;0.206	0.319	−0.003	−0.111;0.105	0.953
Sexual maturity score	−0.001	−0.014;0.011	0.853	0.100	0.014;0.185	0.023
Adult systolic BP, mm Hg (for a 1-SD change)	0.726	0.328;1.123	<0.001	0.476	0.208;0.744	0.001
HDL cholesterol mmol/l	−0.215	−1.028;0.598	0.602	−0.102	−0.727;0.523	0.748
LDL cholesterol mmol/l	−0.049	−0.363;0.266	0.761	−0.033	−0.249;0.183	0.763
Adult BMI, kg/m²	0.005	−0.083;0.094	0.903	0.025	−0.036;0.086	0.412
Daily smoking	0.263	−0.440;0.966	0.460	−0.314	−0.918;0.291	0.307
Education	−0.016	−0.434;0.401	0.939	−0.012	−0.318;0.294	0.939
R²	0.117			0.133

Reference group for daily smokers was nonsmokers and occasional smokers.
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; BP blood pressure, CI confidence interval; HDL high density lipoprotein; LDL low-density lipoprotein

ISSN: 1471-2261