Individual Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Male | Female | ||||||
 | Normal BP % (95% CI) | Pre-HTN % (95% CI) | HTN % (95% CI) | P-value (trend) | Normal BP % (95% CI) | Pre-HTN % (95% CI) | HTN % (95% CI) | P-value (trend) |
Obesity | 4.8 (2.0–7.5) | 8.6 (4.9–12.4) | 19.5 (11.8–27.1) | < 0.001 | 19.7 (16.6–22.8) | 39.0 (32.7–45.2) | 45.4 (39.6–51.3) | < 0.001 |
Overweight | 19.2 (14.4–24.0) | 31.2 (24.9–37.5) | 53.3 (43.3–63.4) | < 0.001 | 48.4 (44.1–52.8) | 71.3 (65.8–76.9) | 79.1 (75.2–83.3) | < 0.001 |
Increased Waist Circumference | 6.3 (3.2–9.4) | 13.7 (8.7–18.6) | 34.6 (26.3–43.0) | < 0.001 | 42.4 (37.9–46.8) | 66.9 (60.8–72.9) | 81.1 (77.1–85.1) | < 0.001 |
Increased Waist/Hip ratio | 2.6 (0.4–4.9) | 4.7 (2.0–7.6) | 16.2 (9.4–23.1) | < 0.001 | 42.1 (37.2–47.0) | 60.4 (54.6–66.2) | 78.1 (72.6–83.5) | < 0.001 |
Hypercholesterolaemia | 5.6 (2.6–8.7) | 13.7 (8.6–18.6) | 21.4 (14.3–28.4) | < 0.001 | 11.4 (8.9–13.9) | 21.5 (16.5–26.5) | 27.7 (22.7–32.6) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 2.2 (0.6–3.8) | 4.3 (1.9–6.6) | 19.0 (12.1–25.9) | < 0.001 | 2.4 (1.3–3.5) | 7.2 (4.8–9.5) | 22.4 (17.5–27.2) | < 0.001 |
1Cigarette Smoking | 31.7 (24.6–38.8) | 28.8 (21.6–35.9) | 19.8 (14.2–25.4) | 0.004 | 8.0 (5.7–10.3) | 6.8 (3.7–10.0) | 5.9 (3.2–8.5) | 0.033 |
Low Physical Activity | 18.7 (13.1–24.3) | 20.8 (14.1–27.4) | 28.3 (20.4–36.2) | 0.007 | 52.0 (47.2–56.9) | 46.2 (39.8–52.7) | 53.4 (46.2–60.6) | 0.181 |
Risk Factor Clustering2 | ||||||||
 | Male | Female | ||||||
 | Normal BP % (95% CI) | Pre-HTN % (95% CI) | HTN % (95% CI) | P-value (trend) | Normal BP % (95% CI) | Pre-HTN % (95% CI) | HTN % (95% CI) | P-value (trend) |
No Additional Risk Factor | 54.1 (47.9–60.3) | 45.6 (37.1–54.1) | 19.6 (10.5–28.7) | < 0.001 | 48.4 (43.9–52.8) | 22.6 (16.2–29.2) | 6.7 (3.6–9.7) | < 0.001 |
1 Additional Risk Factor | 33.1 (26.5–39.6) | 28.0 (21.9–34.1) | 29.1 (20.5–37.7) | 0.225 | 33.6 (29.3–37.9) | 40.9 (35.3–46.5) | 26.1 (20.6–31.5) | < 0.001 |
2 Additional Risk Factors | 11.0 (6.8–15.2) | 19.6 (13.6–25.5) | 30.4 (23.8–37.1) | < 0.001 | 13.8 (10.9–16.7) | 25.8 (20.5–31.2) | 32.9 (27.1–38.7) | < 0.001 |
≥3 Additional Risk Factors | 1.8 (0.4–3.2) | 6.8 (3.5–10.2) | 20.9 (15.0–26.7) | < 0.001 | 4.2 (2.4–6.1) | 10.6 (7.6–13.5) | 34.3 (28.8–39.8) | < 0.001 |