Table 3 Cardiac structure and function parameters according to degree of metabolic syndrome, adjusted for 10-year risk of CHD predicted by Framingham Heart Study risk score, in 541 participants aged < 75 years and with no CHD (bold font).
Number of features of the metabolic syndrome | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4–5 | ||
n = 86 | n = 185 | n = 176 | n = 61 | n = 33 | p (trend) | |
Adjusted prevalence (95%CI) | ||||||
Stage C of heart failure | 2.4 (0.6–9.3) [3.2 (0.8–11.9)] | 3.3 (1.5–7.1) [3.0 (1.3–6.8)] | 5.7 (3.1–10.2) [5.3 (2.7–9.9)] | 11.3 (5.4–22.1) [8.9 (4.0–18.7)] | 11.6 (4.1–28.6) [6.8 (2.2–18.9)] | 0.007 0.06 |
LVSD | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) [0.0 (0.0–0.0)] | 3.1 (1.3–6.8) [2.5 (1.0–6.3)] | 2.0 (0.7–5.3) [1.8 (0.6–5.2)] | 1.2 (0.2–8.4) [1.5 (0.2–9.9)] | 7.3 (2.3–20.5) [9.1 (3.1–23.9)] | 0.19 0.06 |
Diastolic dysfunction | 18.3 (11.2–28.5) [18.3 (11.2–28.5)] | 24.1 (18.4–30.9) [23.9 (18.1–30.9)] | 22.7 (16.9–29.6) [22.8 (17.0–30.0)] | 31.1 (20.7–43.9) [32.4 (21.7–45.3)] | 39.1 (23.5–57.3) [41.0 (25.4–58.6)] | 0.04 0.02 |
Adjusted mean (95%CI) | ||||||
LV diameter/height (mm/m) | 29.1 (28.4–29.7) [29.2 (28.5–29.8)] | 29.4 (28.9–29.8) [29.4 (29.0–29.9)] | 29.6 (29.2–30.1) [29.7 (29.2–30.1)] | 29.7 (29.0–30.5) [29.6 (28.9–30.3)] | 31.1 (30.1–32.2) [30.9 (29.9–31.9)] | 0.003 0.02 |
LV mass/height (g/m) | 98.3 (92.1–104.5) [97.4 (91.3–103.6)] | 106.3 (102.1–110.4) [106.8 (102.6–111.0)] | 109.4 (105.2–113.5) [111.4 (107.2–115.5)] | 110.9 (103.8–118.1) [115.6 (108.5–122.7)] | 124.3 (114.3–134.3) [131.8 (122.2–141.4)] | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
LV mass/height2.7 (g/m2.7) | 43.5 (40.6–46.5) [44.6 (41.7–47.5)] | 47.7 (45.7–49.6) [48.7 (46.7–50.7)] | 49.8 (47.8–51.7) [50.9 (49.0–52.9)] | 51.4 (48.0–54.8) [52.1 (48.8–55.4)] | 58.8 (54.0–63.5) [59.5 (54.9–64.0)] | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
LV mass/FFM (g/kg) | 3.47 (3.25–3.69) [3.58 (3.37–3.79)] | 3.75 (3.60–3.89) [3.85 (3.70–3.99)] | 3.79 (3.64–3.93) [3.88 (3.74–4.02)] | 3.92 (3.67–4.17) [3.92 (3.68–4.16)] | 4.41 (4.06–4.76) [4.37 (4.04–4.70)] | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
Posterior wall/height (mm/m) | 5.2 (5.0–5.4) [5.3 (5.1–5.5)] | 5.4 (5.3–5.6) [5.5 (5.4–5.6)] | 5.5 (5.4–5.6) [5.6 (5.5–5.7)] | 5.7 (5.4–5.9) [5.7 (5.5–5.9)] | 5.9 (5.6–6.2) [5.9 (5.7–6.2)] | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
Interventricular septum/height (mm/m) | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) [5.7 (5.5–5.9)] | 6.0 (5.8–6.1) [6.0 (5.9–6.2)] | 6.1 (6.0–6.3) [6.2 (6.1–6.4)] | 6.3 (6.0–6.5) [6.3 (6.1–6.6)] | 6.4 (6.1–6.8) [6.5 (6.2–6.8)] | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
Relative wall thickness | 0.36 (0.35–0.38) [0.37 (0.35–0.38)] | 0.37 (0.36–0.38) [0.38 (0.37–0.39)] | 0.37 (0.36–0.38) [0.38 (0.37–0.39)] | 0.38 (0.36–0.40) [0.39 (0.37–0.40)] | 0.39 (0.36–0.41) [0.39 (0.37–0.41)] | 0.07 0.07 |
Left atrium/height (mm/m) | 21.4 (20.9–22.0) [21.8 (21.3–22.3)] | 21.9 (21.5–22.3) [22.2 (21.8–22.5)] | 23.1 (22.8–23.5) [23.3 (23.0–23.7)] | 23.5 (22.8–24.1) [23.4 (22.8–24.0)] | 23.9 (23.0–24.7) [23.7 (22.9–24.5)] | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
E wave/A wave (peak velocity) | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) [1.04 (0.98–1.10)] | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) [1.01 (0.97–1.05)] | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) [0.96 (0.92–1.01)] | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) [0.91 (0.84–0.98)] | 1.00 (0.89–1.11) [0.96 (0.86–1.06)] | 0.01 0.004 |