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Table 2 Differential effects of exercise mode on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and anthropometric and cardiometabolic profiles over time

From: Effects of weight management by exercise modes on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic profile among women with abdominal obesity: a randomized controlled trial

 

Modified intention-to-treat analysis (N = 92)

 

Per-protocol analysis (N = 49)

 
 

Mean (SD)

Pa

Mean (SD)

Pa

 

Aerobic (n = 39)

Resistance (n = 26)

Combination (n = 27)

 

Aerobic (n = 20)

Resistance (n = 14)

Combination (n = 15)

 

FMD (%)

   

.792

   

.847

 3 M

11.28 (3.50)

10.32 (3.80)

11.02 (3.49)

 

11.51 (4.02)

10.75 (3.67)

11.32 (3.37)

 

 6 M

11.55 (3.80)

11.22 (4.43)

11.10 (3.40)

 

12.38 (4.43)

11.02 (4.39)

11.46 (3.74)

 

 9 M

11.08 (4.05)

10.89 (4.33)

12.41 (4.27)

 

11.34 (4.88)

10.05 (4.11)

13.18 (4.34)

 

 12 M

10.70 (3.75)

11.54 (4.99)

11.30 (4.04)

 

10.56 (4.15)

11.26 (5.49)

11.20 (4.09)

 

PWV (m/sec)

   

.585

   

.732

 3 M

7.91 (1.18)

7.62 (1.16)

8.11 (1.05)

 

7.51 (0.77)

7.49 (0.82)

7.81 (1.04)

 

 6 M

7.83 (1.31)

7.52 (1.15)

7.76 (1.04)

 

7.36 (0.94)

7.34 (0.75)

7.37 (0.98)

 

 9 M

7.94 (1.32)

7.70 (1.18)

7.96 (1.01)

 

7.53 (1.15)

7.60 (0.83)

7.59 (1.02)

 

 12 M

7.88 (1.30)

7.74 (1.17)

7.96 (0.89)

 

7.45 (1.00)

7.67 (0.81)

7.61 (0.80)

 

IMT (mm)

   

.574

   

.379

 3 M

0.71 (0.19)

0.72 (0.17)

0.66 (0.10)

 

0.74 (0.24)

0.72 (0.19)

0.65 (0.09)

 

 6 M

0.68 (0.15)

0.67 (0.14)

0.64 (0.12)

 

0.71 (0.18)

0.65 (0.14)

0.65 (0.13)

 

 9 M

0.69 (0.14)

0.69 (0.14)

0.67 (0.10)

 

0.73 (0.16)

0.69 (0.13)

0.67 (0.10)

 

 12 M

0.70 (0.14)

0.70 (0.13)

0.67 (0.11)

 

0.73 (0.15)

0.71 (0.11)

0.68 (0.12)

 

Body weight (kg)

   

.539

   

.894

 3 M

71.11 (10.69)

67.20 (9.36)

72.62 (12.06)

 

69.48 (11.63)

64.19 (5.59)

69.06 (8.69)

 

 6 M

69.48 (11.70)

65.70 (9.45)

71.30 (12.25)

 

67.14 (12.84)

62.71 (6.27)

66.93 (7.74)

 

 9 M

69.31 (11.81)

65.60 (9.29)

71.69 (12.25)

 

65.25 (8.75)

62.64 (6.26)

67.15 (7.87)

 

 12 M

69.34 (11.84)

65.79 (9.34)

71.75 (12.63)

 

67.23 (12.70)

62.99 (6.57)

67.25 (8.98)

 

Lean body mass (kg)

   

.717

   

.637

 3 M

45.41 (4.96)

44.44 (5.09)

45.94 (4.95)

 

44.49 (5.88)

43.50 (4.92)

44.60 (3.81)

 

 6 M

45.06 (5.28)

44.46 (4.90)

45.90 (4.83)

 

44.95 (6.34)

43.62 (4.69)

44.38 (3.53)

 

 9 M

45.03 (5.18)

44.30 (5.02)

45.90 (4.62)

 

44.25 (4.62)

43.62 (5.05)

44.36 (3.24)

 

 12 M

44.94 (5.14)

44.29 (4.73)

45.74 (4.76)

 

44.91 (6.04)

43.61 (4.48)

44.07 (3.45)

 

WC (cm)

   

.790

   

.825

 3 M

93.44 (8.06)

90.14 (8.04)

94.42 (11.36)

 

91.32 (8.00)

87.26 (4.72)

90.41 (7.11)

 

 6 M

91.39 (9.41)

87.87 (8.56)

92.83 (12.00)

 

88.59 (9.67)

84.54 (5.25)

87.46 (7.38)

 

 9 M

90.77 (9.82)

88.12 (8.11)

93.61 (11.68)

 

87.61 (8.99)

85.21 (4.68)

88.39 (6.99)

 

 12 M

91.27 (9.33)

88.78 (7.98)

94.09 (11.58)

 

89.18 (9.24)

86.44 (4.97)

89.28 (7.33)

 

Systolic BP (mmHg)

   

.935

   

.838

 3 M

115.36 (15.84)

113.10 (11.99)

113.94 (17.98)

 

114.18 (12.81)

109.07 (9.46)

110.43 (13.70)

 

 6 M

113.06 (15.46)

112.37 (10.23)

112.74 (17.79)

 

111.03 (14.66)

111.29 (12.10)

107.53 (11.93)

 

 9 M

114.62 (14.55)

113.21 (9.53)

112.48 (17.42)

 

113.33 (13.19)

110.79 (8.74)

106.60 (8.01)

 

 12 M

113.95 (14.41)

111.94 (10.29)

112.91 (18.64)

 

112.03 (12.17)

108.43 (9.49)

107.37 (12.45)

 

TC (mg/dL)

   

.517

   

.689

 3 M

197.11 1(44.28)

192.13 (32.70)

201.30 (34.03)

 

205.07 (51.68)

185.94 (28.42)

191.34 (38.60)

 

 6 M

195.14 (36.26)

192.95 (35.23)

202.67 (38.54)

 

198.05 (39.55)

186.59 (28.53)

190.07 (42.89)

 

 9 M

201.65 (37.10)

202.18 (40.98)

207.30 (38.77)

 

205.51 (40.42)

203.40 (41.73)

195.81 (43.64)

 

 12 M

198.86 (42.22)

197.64 (41.46)

201.83 (40.73)

 

202.53 (50.23)

193.34 (42.04)

185.39 (43.74)

 

LDL-C (mg/dL)

   

.458

   

.300

 3 M

119.22 (38.47)

114.40 (29.22)

121.88 (36.97)

 

128.36 (47.15)

111.60 (31.37)

110.59 (40.99)

 

 6 M

116.65 (30.49)

115.46 (28.85)

124.18 (35.65)

 

121.73 (35.34)

110.64 (27.77)

112.96 (38.75)

 

 9 M

121.99 (32.78)

118.19 (39.83)

129.31 (39.32)

 

127.99 (37.16)

117.66 (46.93)

117.65 (42.97)

 

 12 M

116.85 (36.74)

116.70 (39.86)

123.48 (39.58)

 

123.66 (44.04)

113.70 (46.65)

106.80 (39.76)

 

HDL-C (mg/dL)

   

.973

   

.562

 3 M

52.91 (12.29)

49.25 (12.57)

53.58 (10.09)

 

52.27 (12.55)

46.98 (13.77)

54.99 (11.10)

 

 6 M

53.74 (13.04)

53.60 q(13.93)

54.79 (10.69)

 

53.70 (14.45)

51.99 (16.37)

56.19 (12.54)

 

 9 M

54.52 (12.48)

55.68 (14.20)

56.20 (10.07)

 

55.78 (13.15)

56.04 (16.64)

59.19 (11.69)

 

 12 M

57.72 (15.15)

54.69 (13.17)

56.39 (10.35)

 

59.09 (14.98)

53.51 (14.94)

59.39 (11.96)

 

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

       

.784

 3 M

124.90 (59.18)

142.40 (75.42)

129.23 (100.99)

 

122.18 (43.31)

136.77 (96.43)

128.83 (128.67)

 

 6 M

123.74 (71.06)

119.47 (57.73)

118.53 (56.25)

 

113.06 (57.94)

119.85 (69.02)

104.58 (58.74)

 

 9 M

125.72 (68.76)

141.51 (91.41)

108.93 (50.78)

 

108.70 (44.08)

148.51 (120.31)

94.87 (52.08)

 

 12 M

120.88 (70.84)

131.24 (82.54)

109.78 (48.56)

 

97.81 (38.99)

130.63 (107.88)

96.03 (48.36)

 

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

   

.413

   

.034

 3 M

88.93 (9.87)

94.54 (19.83)

89.39 (7.69)

 

86.40 (7.51)

93.54 (12.40)

88.52 (7.78)

 

 6 M

85.80 (7.90)

91.68 (19.82)

85.67 (7.47)

 

83.85 (6.56)

89.71 1(12.61)

82.56 (7.86)

 

 9 M

84.98 (9.76)

93.16 (22.15)

84.97 (8.23)

 

82.33 (9.23)

94.61 (17.40)

81.33 (8.53)

 

 12 M

89.78 (8.28)

92.84 (22.41)

86.30 (7.22)

 

89.26 (7.07)

93.54 (18.33)

81.91 (5.95)*

 

VO2max (mL/kg/min)

        

 3 M

31.77 (5.45)

32.55 (5.04)

32.02 (5.41)

.972

32.72 (3.92)

33.75 (4.57)

33.45 (4.91)

.052

 6 M

35.05 (6.72)

34.32 (5.50)

36.36 (6.90)

 

36.37 (4.77)

35.59 (3.42)

39.27 (4.87)

 

 9 M

35.62 (6.81)

35.07 (5.89)

34.49 (5.95)

 

38.24 (5.48)

36.25 (5.14)

36.31 (4.17)

 

 12 M

34.11 (6.29)

34.61 (6.05)

34.89 (6.45)

 

35.41 (4.84)

35.82 (5.67)

37.04 (5.28)

 
  1. aP-values for significance of interaction effects between exercise group and time via the generalized estimating equation.
  2. FMD = flow mediated dilation; PWV = pulse wave velocity; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IMT = intima media thickness; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD = standard deviation; TC = total cholesterol; VO2max = maximal oxygen consumption; WC = waist circumference.
  3. *P < .05 is for a significant difference in fasting glucose levels by exercise mode at 12 months.
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