Acute effects of using an electronic nicotine-delivery device (electronic cigarette) on myocardial function: comparison with the effects of regular cigarettes

Table 2 Haemodynamic and Doppler flow measurements in electronic cigarette users (ECIG, n = 40) and smokers (SM, n = 36), before and after device and cigarette use respectively

Parameter	Before use	After use	Change	P-value^a	P-value^b
Systolic BP (mmHg)
ECIG	123.9 ± 8.6	124.6 ± 9.9	0.7 ± 4.6	0.374	< 0.001
SM	123.0 ± 9.8	129.6 ± 9.2	6.6 ± 5.2	< 0.001
P-value^c	0.653	0.025
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
ECIG	75.6 ± 6.1	78.5 ± 5.9	3.0 ± 3.6	< 0.001	0.079
SM	75.8 ± 5.6	80.2 ± 5.8	4.4 ± 3.3	< 0.001
P-value^c	0.834	0.209
Heart rate (beats/m)
ECIG	67.1 ± 10.3	67.5 ± 10.6	0.4 ± 4.8	0.649	< 0.001
SM	67.5 ± 7.9	73.5 ± 6.8	5.9 ± 4.7	< 0.001
P-value^c	0.841	0.005
Pressure-rate product
ECIG	8312 ± 1363	8397 ± 1462	84 ± 708	0.456	< 0.001
SM	8308 ± 1235	9556 ± 1084	1248 ± 840	< 0.001
P-value^c	0.989	< 0.001
E (cm/s)
ECIG	70.1 ± 12.5	71.4 ± 13.2	1.2 ± 5.0	0.130	0.132
SM	72.9 ± 8.5	72.2 ± 10.2	-0.6 ± 6.1	0.565
P-value^c	0.268	0.756
A (cm/s)
ECIG	51.1 ± 10.2	52.7 ± 9.8	1.6 ± 5.6	0.083	0.317
SM	50.4 ± 8.8	53.3 ± 9.1	2.9 ± 5.7	0.007
P-value^c	0.774	0.764
E/A
ECIG	1.41 ± 0.29	1.37 ± 0.26	-0.03 ± 0.14	0.171	0.053
SM	1.49 ± 0.32	1.39 ± 0.30	-0.10 ± 0.16	0.001
P-value^c	0.235	0.809
DT (ms)
ECIG	173 ± 11	174 ± 14	1 ± 8	0.581	0.570
SM	170 ± 16	172 ± 16	3 ± 10	0.086
P-value^c	0.448	0.719
IVRT (ms)
ECIG	74.6 ± 9.5	73.6 ± 9.9	-1.0 ± 5.7	0.275	0.001
SM	73.0 ± 8.7	77.7 ± 13.5	5.6 ± 9.2	< 0.001
P-value^c	0.450	0.132
IVRTc (ms)
ECIG	78.9 ± 11.8	77.7 ± 11.6	-1.2 ± 6.9	0.286	< 0.001
SM	77.3 ± 10.1	86.1 ± 16.4	10.4 ± 10.1	< 0.001
P-value^c	0.524	0.011
MPI
ECIG	0.39 ± 0.07	0.38 ± 0.06	-0.01 ± 0.04	0.330	0.001
SM	0.40 ± 0.05	0.43 ± 0.06	0.03 ± 0.04	0.002
P-value^c	0.355	0.001

BP, blood pressure; E, mitral flow early diastolic velocity; A, mitral flow late diastolic velocity; DT, deceleration time of early mitral flow; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; IVRTc, IVRT corrected to heart rate; MPI, myocardial performance index estimated by Doppler flow echocardiography.
^aP-value for time effect.
^bRepeated measurements ANOVA. Effects reported are significant differences between the two groups in the degree of change in each particular variable.
^cP-value for group effect.

ISSN: 1471-2261