Table 2 Patient populations and study characteristics
Study | Population | Intervention | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Diagnosis of PAD | Medication/therapy | Co-morbidities | Omega-3 PUFA (g/day) | Comparator (g/day) | Co-intervention | Duration |
Gans 1990 [37] | 66.1 ± 8.2 | NR | Treadmill testing for IC classification; IC stable for ≥ 1 yr | Excluded patients on lipid-lowering or platelet-active drugs | None reported | EPA (1.8) + DHA (1.2) | Corn oil (3.0) | None | 16 wk |
Leng 1998 [34] | 65.7 ± 7.1 | 26.7 ± 4.2 | Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire; IC stable for ≥ 6 mth; ABI < 0.9 | Included patients taking aspirin | Excluded patients with critical ischemia, previous or impending surgery, unstable angina or MI, or severe concurrent illnesses | EPA (0.18-0.27) | Sunflower oil (2.0 – 3.0) | Gamma-linolenic acid | 2 yr |
Carrero 2005 [35] | 64.0 ± 9.0 | 27.9 ± 3.9 | Presence of IC; ABI < 0.7 | Excluded patients eligible for vascular surgery; excluded patients taking statins | Excluded patients with history of cardiac events or with endocrine or metabolic disturbances. Included patients who were smokers, had T2D or hypertension | EPA (0.2) + DHA (0.13) + ALA (0.06) | Placebo (dairy product) | Vitamins B6 and E, folate, oleic acid | 1 yr |
Carrero 2006 [36] | 65.5 ± 9.5 | 27.7 ± 3.4 | Presence of IC; ABI < 0.7 | Excluded patients eligible for vascular surgery; excluded patients taking statins | Excluded patients with history of cardiac events or with endocrine or metabolic disturbances. Included patients who were smokers, had T2D or hypertension | EPA (0.2) + DHA (0.13) + ALA (0.06) | Placebo (dairy product) | Vitamins B6 and E, folate, oleic acid | 1 yr |
Ishikawa 2010 [38] | 65.2 ± 7.4 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | Presence of IC; physical findings (e.g. ulcer) and ABI | All patients included were taking statins | Hyperlipidemia (total serum cholesterol) | EPA (1.8) | No treatment | Simvastatin or Pravastatin | up to 5 yr |