Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of participants

Number (n, %)

5467 (69.2)

2433 (30.8)

/

Age (years)

38.8 ± 8.5

37.4 ± 7.3

< 0.001

Height (cm)

172.7 ± 6.0

161.1 ± 5.3

< 0.001

BW (kg)

76.9 ± 11.6

58.8 ± 8.6

< 0.001

BMI ( kg/m²)

25.8 ± 3.5

22.7 ± 3.1

< 0.001

Clinical findings

  SBP (mmHg)

131.7 ± 15.7

118.6 ± 13.8

< 0.001

  DBP (mmHg)

78.5 ± 12.2

70.9 ± 10.0

< 0.001

  Hypertension (n,%)

1369 (25.2)

169 (7.0)

< 0.001

  Diabetes (n, %)

336 (6.2)

31(1.3)

< 0.001

  Overweight (n, %)

3714 (68.8)

710 (29.6)

< 0.001

  Dyslipidemia (n, %)

2965 (55.0)

608 (25.5)

< 0.001

  HBsAg (n, %)

168 (3.5)

42 (2.0)

0.001

  Serum uric acid (μmol/L)

353.1 ± 82.7

220.4 ± 58.8

< 0.001

  Blood glucose (mmol/L)

5.6 ± 1.2

5.2 ± 0.8

< 0.001

  Hemoglobin (g/L)

151.6 ± 9.2

126.5 ± 12.0

< 0.001

  Hct %

44.2 ± 2.6

37.5 ± 3.1

< 0.001

  eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

105.1 ± 12.6

104.1 ± 14.1

0.002

Body fluid composition

  TBW (L)

43.3 ± 5.1

30.7 ± 3.4

< 0.001

  ICW (L)

29.2 ± 3.5

20.6 ± 2.3

< 0.001

  ECW (L)

14.1 ± 1.8

10.1 ± 1.1

< 0.001

  NECW (L/m))

8.1 ± 0.9

6.3 ± 0.6

< 0.001

  LBM (kg)

59.1 ± 7.0

41.9 ± 4.6

< 0.001

  ECW/TBW

0.32 ± 0.01

0.33 ± 0.01

< 0.001

  TBW waston (L)

50.4 ± 4.3

34.9 ± 3.1

< 0.001

  TBW/TBW watson

0.86 ± 0.05

0.88 ± 0.04

0.001

  DMI (kg/m²)

11.3 ± 2.4

10.8 ± 2.3

< 0.001

CVD risk factor (n, %)

< 0.001

  None

969 (18.3)

1269 (54.1)

/

  Single

1547 (29.2)

746 (31.8)

/

  Cluster

2791 (52.6)

329 (14.0)

/

Arterial stiffness

cfPWV (cm/s)

1379.2 ± 171.1

1256.0 ± 139.5

< 0.001