Blood pressure values and depression in hypertensive individuals at high cardiovascular risk

Table 1 Main characteristics of study population by depression and depression length

	Depression levels				Time with depression diagnostic
	No depression	Untreated depression	Treated depression^a		≤ 5 years	6-10 years	≥ 11 years
	(N = 5027)	(N = 569)	(N = 358)		(N = 268)	(N = 159)	(N = 500)
Characteristics of participants	%	%	%	P-value	%	%	P-value	P-value
Age (years) ^†	67.3 (6.2)	66.9(6.0)	66.8(5.7)	0.137	66.4(6.0)	66.7(6.1)	67.1(5.8)	0.290
Sex (Women)	56.0	79.8	84.6	0.001	82.5	78.0	82.4	0.881
Educational attainment
High level	7.6	4.9	6.4	0.003	7.1	7.5	4.0	0.280
Middle level	15.9	13.7	11.7		11.6	12.6	13.8
Low level	76.6	81.4	81.8		81.3	79.9	82.2
Antidepressant treatment ^a	---	---	---	---	45.9	37.7	35.0	0.004
Antianxiety or sedative treatment ^b	14.8	37.8	61.5)	0.001	45.5	48.4	47.2	0.700
Body Mass Index( Kg/m ² ) ^†	30.1(3.8)	30.8(4.2)	30.5(3.6)	0.001	30.5(4.0)	30.8(3.8)	30.8(4.0)	0.521
Life styles
Smoking^c	38.3	24.6	23.5	0.001	22.8	24.5	24.8	0.543
Low adherence to the MeDiet pattern^d	45.8	48.0	50.8	0.042	47.4	45.3	51.2	0.256
Sedentary^e	35.0	44.6	50.0	0.001	47.8	45.3	46.6	0.800
High alcohol intake pattern^f	21.7	16.2	10.3	0.001	14.6	15.1	13.2	0.567
Hypertension comorbidity
Diabetes^g	43.5	41.7	36.3	0.009	42.2	44.7	36.6	0.094
Dyslipidaemia^h	73.7	76.4	83.2	0.001	81.0	73.6	79.8	0.894
Blood pressure
Optimal control of blood pressureⁱ	26.5	33.9	36.3	0.001	31.3	41.5	34.6	0.520
Systolic blood pressure( mmHg)^†	151.1(19.0)	147.8(18.9)	150.4(18.9)	0.001	146.1(17.0)	145.8(18.7)	146.7(18.9)	0.832
Diastolic blood pressure( mmHg)^†	83.7(10.2)	83.1(10.0)	82.6(9.4)	0.052	83.7(9.6)	83.3(10.4)	82.3(9.6)	0.143
Antihypertensive treatment^j	80.6	85.8	87.2	0.001	85.5	85.5	86.8	0.680

^aTaking at least one of the following drugs: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, Monoamine oxidase A inhibitors, antidepressants in combination with psycholeptics, others antidepressant agents.
^bTaking at least one of the following drugs: benzodiazepine derivatives, azaspirodecanedione derivatives, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) analogues, natural antianxiety agents, ethanolamine derivatives, other anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives agents.
^cCurrent smoker.
^dAdherence to Mediterranean diet pattern < 9 points (median) on a scale of 0–14.
^ePhysical activity in leisure time < 1000 kcal/week in last year.
^fAlcohol consumption more than 20gr. daily in men and 10 gr. daily in women.
^gDiagnosis of diabetes.
^hDiagnosis of dyslipidaemia.
ⁱSystolic blood pressure <140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg.
^jTaking at least one of the following antihypertensive drugs: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitors), diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Beta-blockers, α-blockers, or other antihypertensive drugs.
^†Mean - Standard Deviation, p - value: ANOVA F test.

ISSN: 1471-2261