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Table 1 Characteristics of patients by smoking status

From: Association between smoking status and the parameters of vascular structure and function in adults: results from the EVIDENT study

 

Nonsmokers (n = 747)

Former smokers (n = 469)

Present smokers (n = 337)

p value

Age (years)*¥

56.14 (65.09-43.64)

55.69 (64.44-46.71)

48.24 (56.08-37.25)

<0.001

Males (%)

212 (28.4)

271 (57.8)

133 (39.5)

<0.001

Hypertension (%)

307 (41.1)

219 (46.7)

103 (30.6)

<0.001

Diabetes (%)

79 (10.6)

65 (13.9)

34 (10.1)

0.145

Dyslipidemia (%)

214 (28.6)

177 (37.7)

82 (24.3)

<0.001

Obesity (%)

161 (21.6)

114 (24.3)

62 (18.4)

0.124

Antihypertensive drugs (%)

223 (29.9)

162 (34.5)

66 (19.6)

<0.001

Lipid-lowering drugs (%)

126 (16.9)

122 (26.0)

48 (14.2)

<0.001

Antidiabetic drugs (%)

52 (7.0)

46 (9.8)

25 (7.4)

0.187

Office SBP (mmHg)*¥

123.75 (134.63-113.50)

125.50 (138.00-114.50)

121.25 (131.38-109.13)

<0.001

Office DBP (mmHg)

76.50 (83.50-70.50)

77.00 (83.38-70.00)

75.50 (82.50-70.00)

0.377

Office heart rate (bpm)*¥#

71.50 (78.50-64.50)

69.50 (76.50-61.13)

75.00 (82.63-67.00)

<0.001

Central SBP (mmHg)*¥

124 (135–114)

125 (137–115)

121 (132–110)

0.002

Central DBP (mmHg)

76 (83–70)

77 (84–70)

75 (82–68)

0.188

BMI (kg/m2)*¥

26.67 (29.56-24.05)

27.07 (29.96-24.90)

25.64 (28.52-22.90)

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm) ¥#

92 (100–84)

95 (104–88)

91.00 (99–82)

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

215.41 ± 38.77

213.36 ± 39.10

210.74 ± 39.28

0.192

Triglycerides (mg/dL)*

95 (133–69)

96 (136–73)

104 (147–75)

0.026

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

133.85 ± 36.78

133.18 ± 34.89

132.36 ± 36.75

0.827

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)*#

59.00 (70.00-49.00)

56.00 (67.00-47.00)

54.00 (64.75-45.00)

<0.001

Mean IMT (mm) (n = 265) ¥

0.68 ± 0.10

0.70 ± 0.11

0.65 ± 0.11

0.045

Maximum IMT (mm) (n = 265) ¥

0.83 ± 0.12

0.86 ± 0.13

0.81 ± 0.13

0.042

PWV (m/sec) (n = 265)

7.10 (8.60-6.38)

7.30 (8.95-6.35)

6.65 (7.95-5.57)

0.032

PAIx75 (%) #¥

89 (101–78)

86 (97–75)

90 (103–77)

0.003

ABI #¥

1.17 ± 0.13

1.19 ± 0.14

1.16 ± 0.14

0.005

  1. Normally distributed continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, while non-normally distributed variables are presented as median and 75–25th percentile. Frequency distribution was used in categorical variables.
  2. Obesity: BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2or Waist circumference ≥ 88 cm in women and ≥ 102 cm in men. SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: lowdensity lipoprotein; IMT: Intima Media Thickness; PWV: pulse wave velocity; PAIx75: Peripheral or radial augmentation index adjusted for heart rate at 75 bpm, ABI: ankle brachial index.
  3. *Differences between present and nonsmokers, ¥: Differences between present and former smokers, #: Differences between former and nonsmokers.
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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