Table 5 Difference in left ventricular rotational parameters between participants with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared to healthy controls
From: Heart Disease and Left Ventricular Rotation – A Systematic Review and Quantitative Summary
Study Details | Matched Controls | Apical Rot | Basal Rot | Twist | Time to Peak Twist | Peak Untwist Rate | Untwist Rate | Time to Peak Untwist | Early Untwist Rate | Additional Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chang et al. 2010 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 23 2D-STE*** | Yes | ↓ | ↔ | ↓ | ↔ | ↓ | ↔ | ↓ | Peak untwist rate P-value = 0.07 | |
Buakhamsri et al. 2009 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 19 2D-STE*** | Yes | ↔ | ||||||||
van Dalen et al. 2009 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 18 2D-STE*** | Yes | ↔ | ↑ | ↑ | ↔ | ↓ | HCM were separated into groups with either sigmoidal or reverse septal morphology. Both sub-groups had increased basal rotation. Only the sigmoidal group had increased apical rotation and twist. | |||
Carasso et al. 2010 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 18 2D-VVI** | Yes | ↔ | Twist time was reduced and untwist time increased in those with HCM. | |||||||
Carasso et al. 2008 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 18 2D-VVI** | Yes | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | Mid-level rotation was in the opposite direction as compared to healthy controls (clockwise instead of counter clockwise). | |||||
Wang et al. 2009 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 17 2D-STE*** | Yes | ↔ | ↔ | Time to untwisting was lowest in controls, elevated in HCM group and increased again in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy group. | ||||||
Notomi et al. 2006 PCT Level 2 D&B = 17 2D-STE*** | Yes | ↔ | ↔ | At rest, no significant differences were reported. During exercise, peak untwisting velocity and peak systolic twist increased in control group but not in HCM group. | ||||||
van Dalen et al. 2009 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 17 2D-STE*** | Yes | ↔ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | Similar to above, HCM were separated into groups with either sigmoidal or reverse septal morphology. Both sub-groups had increased basal rotation. Only the sigmoidal group had increased apical rotation and twist. | ||
Abozguia et al. 2010 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 14 2D-STE** | Yes | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | In those with non-obstructive HCM there was a delay in reaching 25% untwist. | |||||
Maier et al. 1992 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 13 MRI Tagging | N/A | ↓ | ↔ | |||||||
Young et al. 1994 Case–control Level 3 D&B = 10 MRI Tagging | N/A | ↔ | ↔ | ↑ | Twist was calculated by subtracting the base rotation from apical rotation. |